Designation:E2026−07AnAmericanNationalStandardStandardGuideforSeismicRiskAssessmentofBuildings1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE2026;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.INTRODUCTIONLenders,insurers,andequityownersinrealestatearegivingmoreintensescrutinytoearthquakeriskthaneverbefore.The1989LomaPrieta,Californiaearthquake,whichcausedmorethan$6billionindamage,acceleratedthetrendtowardconsideringlossestimationinrealestatetransactions.The1994Northridge,Californiaearthquake,withover$20billionindamage,madeseismicriskassessmentanintegralpartofrealestatefinancialdecision-makingforregionsatriskofdamagingearthquakes.UsersofSeismicRiskAssessmentreportsneedspecificandconsistentmeasuresforassessingthepossibilityoffuturelossduetoearthquakeoccurrences.Thisguidediscussesspecificapproachesthattherealestateandtechnicalcommunitiescanconsiderabasisforcharacterizingtheseismicriskassessmentofbuildingsinanearthquake.Itusestwoconceptstocharacterizeearthquakeloss:probableloss(PL)andscenarioloss(SL).Useofthetermprobablemaximumloss(PML)isacceptable,provideditisspecificallyandadequatelydefinedbytheUser.1.Scope1.1Thisguideprovidesguidanceonconductingseismicriskassessmentsforbuildings.Assuch,thisguideassistsaUsertoassessaproperty’spotentialforlossesfromearthquakeoccurrences.1.1.1Hazardsaddressedinthisguideincludeearthquakegroundshaking,earthquake-causedsiteinstability,includingfaultrupture,landslidesandsoilliquefaction,lateralspreadingandsettlement,andearthquake-causedoff-siteresponseim-pactingtheproperty,includingfloodingfromdamordikefailure,tsunamisandseiches.1.1.2Thisguidedoesnotaddressthefollowing:1.1.2.1Earthquake-causedfiresandtoxicmaterialsreleases.1.1.2.2Federal,state,orlocallawsandregulationsofbuildingconstructionormaintenance.Usersarecautionedthatcurre...
