ASTM_E_2171_-_02_2013.pdf

Designation:E217102(Reapproved 2013)An American National StandardStandard Practice forRating-Scale Measures Relevant to the Electronic HealthRecord1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2171;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard addresses the identification of data ele-ments from the EHR definitions in Practice E1384 that haveordinal scale value sets and which can be further defined tohave scale-free measurement properties.It is applicable to datarecorded for the Electronic Health Record and its papercounterparts.It is also applicable to abstracted data from thepatient record that originates from these same data elements.Itis applicable to identifying the location within the EHR wherethe observed measurements shall be stored and what is themeaning of the stored data.It does not address either the usesor the interpretations of the stored measurements.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1169 Practice for Conducting Ruggedness TestsE1384 Practice for Content and Structure of the ElectronicHealth Record(EHR)3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFull definitions and discussion of Scale-Free Measurement Terms are given in Annex A1.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 adaptive measurementadvantage of measurement toaccount for missing data.3.2.2 additivityrating scale adherence to associativity andcommutability.3.2.3 bias analysisinvestigation of considerations relativeto subject or area of performance.3.2.4 calibrationprocess of establishing additivity andreproducability of a data set.3.2.5 concatenationprocess of measurement uses enumer-ated physical unit quantities equal to the magnitude of themeasured item.3.2.6 constructname of the conceptual domain measured.3.2.7 convergenceclosing of the differences in sequentialmeasure estimates.3.2.8 countingbasic activity upon which measurement isbased and utilizes enumeration.3.2.9 dataobservation made in such a way that they leadto generalization.3.2.10 data quality/statistical consistency/model fitestablishment of whether the measuring instrument is affectedby the object of measurement.3.2.11 determinismmeasurement model that requirescounts to be sufficient for reproducing the pattern of theresponses over the length of the instrument.3.2.12 dimensionalityproperty of having multiple compo-nents of a measured value.3.2.13 equality/cocalibrationprocess of ensuring that dif-ferent instruments measure the same property.3.2.14 erroruncertainty of measured properties.3.2.15 estimation algorithmsmathematical specificationof an observational framework.3.2.16 incommensurable/commensurablemeasure valueof the same quantity does/does not depend upon rating/responses of the rating construct and does not/does remainconstant.3.2.17 instrumentsensing device having a defined scale.3.2.18 intra and inter-laboratory testingvariability testingusing the same setting/measure/operator as opposed to differentsetting/measure/operators.3.2.19 item response/latent trait theoryanalytic modelsthat forego prescriptive parameter separation,sufficiency andscale and sample free data standards for additional descriptiveparameters.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E31 on HealthcareInformatics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E31.25 on HealthcareData Management,Security,Confidentiality,and Privacy.Current edition approved March 1,2013.Published March 2013.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2171 02(2008).DOI:10.1520/E2171-02R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.20 items/item-bankpart of survey statements/testquestions for adaptive administration.3.2.21 levels of measurementnature of scale of measure-ment.3.2.22 logitscale unit using logarithms of odds ratios.(P/1P).3.2.23 mathematical entitiesconcepts that can be taught orlearned through what is already known.3.2.24 measurementdetermining in units the value of aproperty in a scale having magnitude(that is,ratio or differ-ence).3.2.25 metaphor in measurementsuspension of disbeliefof some areas or properties in the name of estimating magni-tude.3.2.26 metricmeasure of a property in defined units.3.2.27 missing datause of uncalibrated data in instru-ments