ASTM_E_1534_-_93_2013.pdf

Designation:E153493(Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forDetermination of Ash Content of Particulate Wood Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1534;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of ash ex-pressed as the percent of residue remaining after dry oxidationof particulate wood fuels.Particulate wood fuels are defined inTerminology E1126.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different BasesE871 Test Method for Moisture Analysis of ParticulateWood FuelsE1126 Terminology Relating to Biomass Fuels(Withdrawn2003)33.Terminology3.1 For additional information,see Terminology E1126.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Ash content is determined by establishing the weightloss of the sample when heated under rigidly controlledconditions of temperature,time,sample weight,and equipmentspecifications.5.Significance and Use5.1 The ash content determines the weight of the noncom-bustible part of a particulate wood fuel that oxidizes during acombustion process but releases no energy.6.Apparatus6.1 Crucibles,having a capacity of 30 mL or more.Silica orporcelain materials are acceptable.6.2 Muffle FurnaceAn electric furnace is recommendedfor igniting the wood sample.A furnace fitted with an indicat-ing pyrometer,so that the desired temperature can bemaintained,is preferable.6.3 Analytical Balance,sensitive to 0.1 mg.7.Procedure7.1 Obtain a 2-g sample of the wood to be tested using thetechniques outlined in Method E871.7.2 Ignite the empty crucible over a burner,and cool it in adesiccator.7.3 Determine the weight of the crucible to the nearest 0.1mg.7.4 Place the 2-g sample of the wood in the crucible,anddetermine the weight of the sample and crucible.7.5 Place the sample in a cold muffle furnace.Turn on themuffle furnace,and slowly heat the furnace to a temperature of580 to 600C.Avoid heating above this maximum.7.6 Remove the ash and crucible to a desiccator,cool,andweigh to the nearest 0.1 mg.Repeat the heating for 30 minperiods until the weight of the ash and crucible after cooling isconstant to within 0.2 mg.8.Calculation8.1 Calculate the percent ash in the sample as follows:ash in sample,%5W22 WC!/W12 WC!3100(1)where:WC=weight of the crucible,W1=weight of the sample and crucible,andW2=weight of the ash and crucible.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E48 onBioenergy and Industrial Chemicals from Biomass and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E48.05 on Biomass Conversion.Current edition approved Aug.15,2013.Published November 2013.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as E1534 93(2006).DOI:10.1520/E1534-93R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 9.Report9.1 Report the results to two decimal places as ash content,wet basis.9.2 Use Practice D3180 and Method E871 to convert theresults to other bases.10.Precision and Bias10.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of the results:10.1.1 RepeatabilityDuplicate results by the same labora-tory should not be considered suspect unless they differ bymore than 0.5%.10.1.2 ReproducibilityThe results submitted by two ormore laboratories should not be considered suspect unless theydiffer by more than 1.0%.11.Keywords11.1 ash;biomass;wood fuelASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional stan