ASTM_E_1440_-_91_2012.pdf

Designation:E144091(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forAcute Toxicity Test with the Rotifer Brachionus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1440;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the acute toxicity of chemicals and aqueouseffluents released into fresh,estuarine,or marine waters.Acutetoxicity is measured by exposing Brachionus newly hatchedfrom cysts to a series of toxicant concentrations under con-trolled conditions.This guide describes a test for using B.calyciflorus,a fresh water rotifer,and the Appendix describesmodifications of this test for estuarine and marine waters usingB.plicatilis.These procedures lead to an estimation of acutetoxicity,including the concentration expected to kill 50%ofthe test rotifers(LC50)in 24 h.Procedures not specificallystated in this guide should be conducted in accordance withGuide E729 and Guide E1192.1.2 Modifications of these procedures might be justified byspecial needs or circumstances.Although using appropriateprocedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,the results of tests conducted using modifiedprocedures might not be comparable to rotifer acute tests thatfollow the protocol described here.Comparison of the resultsusing modified procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acutetoxicity tests on chemicals and aqueous effluents.1.3 This guide is organized as follows:SectionScope1Referenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Apparatus6Dilution Water7Hazards8Test Material9Test Organisms10Test Procedure11Calculation of Results12Acceptability of the Test13Report14Keywords151.4 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercial products,ormixtures.This guide can also be used to conduct investigationsof the effects on rotifer survival of pH,hardness,and salinityand on materials such as aqueous effluents,leachates,oils,particulate matter,sediments,and surface waters.This guidemight not be appropriate for materials with high oxygendemand,with high volatility,subject to rapid biological orchemical transformation,or that readily sorb to test chambers.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardsstatements,see Section 8.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI)(the Modernized Metric System)E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Relating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphibians3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 rotifer cysta rotifer embryo arrested at an early stagein development,enclosed in an envelope and resistant todesiccation and temperature extremes.Rotifer cysts are often1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1440 91(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1440-91R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 incorrectly referred to as resting eggs.Upon hydration,embry-onic development resumes until a neonate female emergesfrom the cyst.3.1.2 rotifer neonatea newly hatched,freely swimmingrotifer.All neonates hatched from cysts are females.3.1.3 straina geographically identified population of asingle species.Strains are usually separated by considerabledistances and can be characterized genetically through isozymeanalysis or physiologically by their population dynamics andsensitivity to toxicants.3.1.4 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this guide.“Must”isused to express an absolute requirement,that is,to state that thetest ought to be designed to satisfy the specified condition