ASTM_E_1348_-_15.pdf

Designation:E134815Standard Test Method forTransmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry UsingHemispherical Geometry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1348;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measure-ment of the transmission properties and color of object-colorspecimens by the use of a spectrophotometer or spectrocolo-rimeter with a hemispherical optical measuring system,such asan integrating sphere.1.2 This test method is generally suitable for all fullytransparent specimens without regard for the specimen positionrelative to the transmission port of the instrument.Translucentspecimens,however,must be placed flush against the trans-mission port of the sphere.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods ofColor or Color-Difference Measurement of MaterialsE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color Evaluation3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions in Guide E179,Terminology E284,and Practice E1164 are applicable to this test method.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring thetransmittance of transmitting specimens by using a spectropho-tometer or spectrocolorimeter equipped with a hemisphericaloptical measuring system such as an integrating sphere.4.2 This test method includes procedures for calibrating theinstrument and for selecting specimens suitable for precisionmeasurement.4.3 This test method is satisfactory for all fully transparentspecimens with plane and parallel surfaces.When possible,theuser should select the position of the specimen in the trans-mission compartment to provide either essentially total oressentially regular transmittance,depending on the end use ofthe measured data.4.4 Accurate measurement of translucent specimens re-quires that the specimen be placed flush against the transmis-sion port of the integrating sphere(see Practice E1164,8.1.4).4.5 Most modern spectrophotometers have the capacity tocompute the color coordinates of the specimen during themeasurement.When this is the case,the user of this testmethod must select the color scale,illuminant and observer(see the Procedure section in Practice E308,Section 6).5.Significance and Use5.1 The most direct and accessible methods for obtainingthe color coordinates of object colors are by instrumentalmeasurement using spectrophotometers or colorimeters with1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 onSpectrophotometry and Colorimetry.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1348 11 DOI:10.1520/E1348-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 either hemispherical or bidirectional optical measuring sys-tems.This test method provides procedures for such measure-ment by transmittance spectrophotometry using a hemispheri-cal optical measuring system.5.2 This test method is especially suitable for measurementof the following types of specimens(see also Guide E179 andPractice E805):5.2.1 Fully transparent specimens(free from turbidity,haze,or translucency),and5.2.2 Translucent or hazy specimens,provided that thespecimen can be placed flush against the transmission port ofthe integrating sphere.5.3 This test method is not recommended for measurementof retroreflective transparent or translucent specimens,orsamples that are fluorescent.6.Apparatus6.1 Spectrophotometer or Spectrocolorimeter,designed forthe measureme