ASTM_E_2277_-_14.pdf

Designation:E227714Standard Guide forDesign and Construction of Coal Ash Structural Fills1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2277;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for the design and con-struction of engineered structural fills using coal combustionproducts(CCPs)including but not limited to fly ash,bottomash,boiler slag or other CCPs that can meet the requirementsof an engineered fill as described herein.CCPs may be usedalone or blended with soils or other suitable materials toachieve desired geotechnical properties.1.2 This guide describes the unique design and constructionconsiderations that may apply to engineered structural fillsconstructed of with CCPs that have been adequately charac-terized as being suitable for this beneficial use.1.3 Beneficial utilization of CCPs consistent with this stan-dard conserves land,natural resources,and1.4 This guide applies only to CCPs produced primarily bythe combustion of coal.1.5 The testing,engineering,and construction practices forcoal ash fills are similar to generally accepted practices fornatural soil fills.Coal ash structural fills should be designedusing generally accepted engineering practices.However,when CCPs are used in saturated conditions such as ponds orimpoundments,the potential for liquefaction may need to beconsidered.1.6 Laws and regulations governing the use of coal ash varyby state.The user of this guide has the responsibility todetermine and comply with applicable requirements.1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic CementC311 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash orNatural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement ConcreteC593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for UseWith Lime for Soil StabilizationC595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1600 Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic CementD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of SoilsD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD698 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Standard Effort(12 400 ft-lbf/ft3(600kN-m/m3)D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids byWater PycnometerD1195/D1195M Test Method for Repetitive Static PlateLoad Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components,for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and HighwayPavementsD1196/D1196M Test Method for Nonrepetitive Static PlateLoad Tests of Soils and Flexible Pavement Components,for Use in Evaluation and Design of Airport and HighwayPavementsD1452 Practice for Soil Exploration and Sampling by AugerBoringsD1556 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by Sand-Cone MethodD1557 Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Character-istics of Soil Using Modified Effort(56,000 ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3)1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.03 on Pollution Prevention/Beneficial Use.Current edition approved Jan.15,2014.Published February 2014.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E227803 which waswithdrawn in January 2012 and reinstated in January 2014.DOI:10.1520/E2277-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 D1586 Test Method for Penetration Test(SPT)and Split-Barrel Sampling of SoilsD1883 Test Method for California Bearing Ratio(CBR)ofLaboratory-Compacted SoilsD2166 Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strengthof Cohesive SoilD2167 Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil inPlace by the Rubber Balloon MethodD2216 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture)Content of Soil and Ro