ASTM_E_1687_-_10_2014.pdf

Designation:E168710(Reapproved 2014)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Carcinogenic Potential of Virgin Base Oils inMetalworking Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1687;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a microbiological test procedurebased upon the Salmonella mutagenesis assay of Ames et al(1)2(see also Maron et al(2).It can be used as a screeningtechnique to detect the presence of potential dermal carcino-gens in virgin base oils used in the formulation of metalwork-ing oils.Persons who perform this test should be well-versed inthe conduct of the Ames test and conversant with the physicaland chemical properties of petroleum products.1.2 The test method is not recommended as the sole testingprocedure for oils which have viscosities less than 18 cSt(90SUS)at 40C,or for formulated metalworking fluids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Section 7 providesgeneral guidelines for safe conduct of this test method.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E2148 Guide for Using Documents Related to Metalworkingor Metal Removal Fluid Health and SafetyE2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-tions2.2 Other Standards:29 CFR 1910.1450 Occupational Exposure to HazardousChemical in Laboratories43.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:(See alsoTerminology E2523.)3.1.1 base stock,nthe refined oil component of metal-working fluid formulations.3.1.2 PAC(Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds),nFor thepurposes of this test method,PAC refers to fused-ring polycy-clic aromatic compounds with three or more rings.Forexample,the hydrocarbon series is represented by phenan-threne(3),pyrene(4),benzopyrene(5),dibenzopyrene(6),coronene(7).Heterocyclic polynuclear compounds are alsoincluded in the definition.3.1.3 promutageniccompounds,promutagens,ncompounds that are not directly mutagenic but requiremetabolism for expression of mutagenic activity.3.1.4 Reference Oil 1,nstraight-run naphthenic vacuumdistillate(heavy vacuum gas oil)of known MI and PACcontent recommended for use as a reference standard for themodified Ames test.3.2 Abbreviations:3.2.1 DMSO(Dimethyl Sulfoxide),nextraction agent usedin the preparation of aromatic-enriched oil fractions for muta-genicity testing.3.2.2 G-6-P(Glucose-6-Phosphate),nsubstrate requiredfor the operation of the NADPH generating system involved inthe biological oxidations described above.3.2.3 MI(Mutagenicity Index),nthe slope of the dose-response curve for mutagenicity in the modified Ames test.3.2.3.1 DiscussionMI is an index of relative mutagenicpotency.3.2.4 NADP(NicotinamideAdenineDinucleotidePhosphate)required cofactor for the biological oxidationsinvolved in activation of PAC to their mutagenic forms.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 onOccupational Health and Safety and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE34.50 on Health and Safety Standards for Metal Working Fluids.Current edition approved Oct.15,2014.Published October 2014.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1687-10.DOI:10.1520/E1687-10R14.2The boldface numbers refer to the list of references at the end of this standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.5 PAC(Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds),npolycyclicaromatic compounds.3.2.6 S-9,nfraction prepared from hamster liver whichcontains the enzymes required for metabolic activation ofPACs to their mutagenic forms.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay is the mostwidely used short-term in vitro genotoxicity test.The assayemploys specific strains of the bacterium Salmonella typhimu-rium that have been mutated at a genetic locus precluding thebiosynthesis of the amino acid histidine which is required forgrowth and reproduction.Additional genetic alterations,someof which are important markers of stra