ASTM_E_1653_-_94_2013.pdf

Designation:E165394(Reapproved 2013)Standard Guide forSpecifying Dynamic Characteristics of Optical RadiationTransmitting Fiber Waveguides1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1653;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the key parameters that determine thedynamic performance of an optical radiation transmitting fiberwaveguide(see Note 1).For the purpose of this guide,opticalradiation is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths fromabout 200 to about 5000 nm(correspondingly,frequencies of50 000 cm1to 2000 cm1,and photon energies of 6 eV to 0.25eV).NOTE1Typical designations of radiation transmitting fiber wave-guides include optical waveguide,fiber-optic,fiber-optic waveguide,andfiber-optic radiation guide.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy3.Terminology3.1 Definition of Terms and SymbolsFor definitions ofterms and symbols,refer to Terminology E131.4.Significance and Use4.1 Many characteristics of a fiber-optic waveguide affectthe dynamic performance.Quantitative values of certain keyparameters(characteristics)need to be known,a priori,inorder to predict or evaluate the dynamic performance of awaveguide for specific conditions of use.This guide identifiesthese key parameters and provides information on their signifi-cance and how they affect performance.However,this guidedoes not describe how the needed quantitative information is tobe obtained.Manufacturers of fiber-optic waveguides can usethis guide for characterizing their products suitably for userswho are concerned with dynamic performance.Users offiber-optic waveguides can use this guide to determine thattheir waveguides are adequately characterized for their in-tended application.5.Key Dynamic Characteristics5.1 Dynamic characteristics and dynamic performance,forthe purposes of this guide,have to do with the time-orfrequency-domain response of a fiber-optic waveguide topulsed or sinusoidally modulated optical radiation.Fig.1 andFig.2 show hypothetical outputs of an optical fiber to pulsedand sinusoidally modulated radiation inputs.(Either the time-or the frequency-domain can be used to characterize thetemporal features of a fiber-optic waveguide,because the twoare related through the Fourier transform.)It is this response,asit is affected by launch condition,input radiant flux,wavelength,bend radii,temperature,and spatial positionacross the face of a fiber-optic waveguide,that is the concernof this guide.5.2 Ideal Fiber-OpticFeatures that would be possessed byan ideal fiber-optic waveguide provide a basis for discussingthe key parameters that determine the dynamic aspects of afiber-optic waveguide.An ideal fiber-optic radiation guidewould have the following features.5.2.1 Alarge numerical aperture,such that noncollimated orpoorly collimated radiation sources(for example,arc lamps)could be coupled to it effectively.5.2.2 Wide transmissive(spectral)bandwidth,within therange from 200 to 5000 nm,so that experiments requiringultraviolet(UV),visible,and IR radiation may be performedwith the minimum change in radiation guides.5.2.3 Wide temporal bandwidth(gigahertz;picosecond tofemtosecond),so that time resolution would not becompromised,and that high data-transfer would be possible.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E13 on MolecularSpectroscopy and Separation Science and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee E13.09 on Fiber Optics,Waveguides,and Optical Sensors.Current edition approved Jan.1,2013.Published January 2013.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1653 94(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1653-94R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2.4 Known temporal response(although not necessarilyconstant)across the spectral bandwidth,so that a researchercould determine how using a fiber-optic waveguide mightcompromise particular experiments.FIG.1 Output of an Optical Fiber to a Radiation Input PulseFIG.2 Output of an Optical Fiber to a Sinusoidal Waveform Radiat