ASTM_E_165-09.pdf

E165-09Testing Personnel Qualification and Certificationexamination.The method selected will depend accordingly onANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certi-the design and service requirements of the parts or materialsfication of Nondestructive Testing Personnelbeing tested.2.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-410 Nondestructive Testing Personnel Qualifica-6.Classification of Penetrant Materials and Methodstion and Certifications6.1 Liquid penetrant examination methods and types are2.4 APHA Standard:classified in accordance with MIL-I-25135 and AMS 2644 as429 Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewaterlisted in Table 1.2.5 AlA Standard:6.2 Fluorescent Penetrant Testing(Type 1)-FluorescentNAS-410 Certification and Qualification of Nondestructivepenetrant testing utilizes penetrants that fluoresce brilliantlyTest Personnel?when excited by black light(UVA).The sensitivity of fluores-2.6 SAE Standards:8cent penetrants depends on their ability to be retained in theAMS 2644 Inspection Material,Penetrantvarious size discontinuities during processing,and then toQPL-AMS-2644 Qualified Products of Inspection Materi-bleed out into the developer coating and produce indicationsals,Penetrantthat will fluoresce.Fluorescent indications are many timesbrighter than their surroundings when viewed under appropri-3.Terminologyate black light illumination.3.1 The definitions relating to liquid penetrant examination,6.3 Visible Penetrant Testing(Type 2)-Visible penetrantwhich appear in Terminology E 1316,shall apply to the termstesting uses a penetrant that can be seen in visible light.Theused in this practice.penetrant is usually red,so that resultant indications produce adefinite contrast with the white background of the developer.4.Summary of PracticeVisible penetrant indications must be viewed under adequate4.1 Liquid penetrant may consist of visible or fluorescentwhite light.material.The liquid penetrant is applied evenly over the7.Materialssurface being examined and allowed to enter open discontinui-7.1 Liguid Penetrant Testing Materials consist of fuores-ties.After a suitable dwell time,the excess surface penetrant isremoved.A developer is applied to draw the entrapped pen-cent or visible penetrants,emulsifiers(oil-base and water-etrant out of the discontinuity and stain the developer.The testbase),removers(water and solvent),and developers(drysurface is then examined to determine the presence or absencepowder,aqueous and nonaqueous).A family of liquid penetrantof indicationsexamination materials consists of the applicable penetrant andemulsifier,as recommended by the manufacturer.Any liquidNor 1-The developer may be omitted by agreement between thepenetrant,remover and developer listed in QPL-25135/QPL-contracting parties.AMS2644 can be used,regardless of the manufacturer.Inter-NorE 2-Fluorescent penetrant examination shall not follow a visiblemixing of penetrants and emulsifiers from different manufac-penetrant examination unless the procedure has been qualified in accor-dance with 10.2,because visible dyes may cause deterioration orturers is prohibited.quenching of fluorescent dyes.NorE 3-Refer to 9.1 for special requirements for sulfur,halogen and4.2 Processing parameters,such as surface precleaning,alkali metal content.penetrant dwell time and excess penetrant removal methods,NorE 4-While approved penetrant materials will not adversely affectcommon metallic materials,some plastics or rubbers may be swollen orare dependent on the specific materials used,the nature of thestained by certain penetrants.part under examination,(that is,size,shape,surface condition,alloy)and type of discontinuities expected.7.2 Penetrants:7.2.1 Post-Emulsifiable Penetrants are insoluble in water5.Significance and Useand cannot be removed with water rinsing alone.They areformulated to be selectively removed from the surface using a5.1 Liquid penetrant testing methods indicate the presence,separate emulsifier.Properly applied and given a properlocation and,to a limited extent,the nature and magnitude ofemulsification time,the emulsifier combines with the excessthe detected discontinuities.Each of the various penetrantsurface penetrant to form a water-washable mixture.which canmethods has been designed for specific uses such as criticalservice items,volume of parts,portability or localized areas ofTABLE 1 Classification of Penetrant Examination Types andMethodsType-Fluorescent Penetrant Examination3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,DODSSP.Bldg.4.Method A-Water-washable(see Test Method E 1209)Section D.700 Robbins Ave.Philadelphia.PA 19111-5098.http:/Method B-Post-emulsifiable,lipophilic(see Test Method E 1208)www.dodssp.daps.mil.Method C-Solvent removable(see Test Method E 1219)Available from American Public Health Association.Publication Office.1015Method D-Post-emulsifiable,hydrophilic(see Test Method E1210)Fifteenth Street.NW,Washington,DC 20005.Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America,Inc.(AIA),1000Type ll-Visible Penetrant ExaminationWilson Blvd.Suite 1700.Arlington,VA 22209-3928,http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.Method A-Water-washable(see Test Method E 1418)Available from Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE),400 CommonwealthMethod C-Solvent removable(see Test Method E 1220)Dr.Warrendale,PA 15096-0001.http:/www.sae.org.