ASTM_E_1815_-_08_2013e1.pdf

Designation:E181508(Reapproved 2013)1Standard Test Method forClassification of Film Systems for Industrial Radiography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1815;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEResearch Report number and ISO Standards updated editorially in June 20131.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determinationof the performance of film systems used for industrial radiog-raphy.This test method establishes minimum requirements thatcorrespond to system classes.1.2 This test method is to be used only for direct exposure-type film exposed with lead intensifying screens.The perfor-mance of films exposed with fluorescent(light-emitting)inten-sifying screens cannot be determined accurately by this testmethod.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E94 Guide for Radiographic ExaminationE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 5-2 Photography Density MeasurementsPart 2:Geo-metric Conditions for Transmission DensityISO 5-3 Photography and Graphic TechnologyDensityMeasurementsPart 3:Spectral ConditionsISO 7004 PhotographyIndustrial Radiographic Films,De-termination of ISO Speed,ISO average gradient and ISOgradients G2 and G4 When Exposed to X and GammaRadiationISO 11699-1 Non-Destructive TestingIndustrial Radio-graphic FilmPart 1:Classification of Film Systems forIndustrial RadiographyISO 11699-2 Non-Destructive TestingIndustrial Radio-graphic FilmPart 2:Control of Film Processing byMeans of Reference ValuesISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Calibration Laboratories2.3 European CEN Standard:3EN 584-1 Non-Destructive TestingIndustrial Radio-graphic FilmPart 1:Classification of Film Systems forIndustrial Radiography3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod,refer to Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 characteristic curvecurve showing the relationshipbetween the common logarithm of exposure logK,and theoptical density D.3.2.2 diffuse densityquantitative measure of film blacken-ing(optical density)as determined by a densitometer.It is thesum of all transmitted and scattered light into the half spherebehind the film.3.2.3 film gradient Gthe slope of the characteristic curveat a specified optical density,D,and a measure of the contrastof the film system.3.2.4 film systemthe film and associated film-processingrequirements in accordance with the criteria established by themanufacturers of the film and processing chemicals.3.2.5 film system classclassification taking into account oflimiting values given in Table 1.3.2.6 gradient/noise ratioratio of the gradient G and thegranularity D.It relates directly to the signal/noise ratio.Allfurther parameters determining the signal,such as the modu-lation transfer function or the energy of the radiation,areconsidered to be constant.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 onNondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 onRadiology(X and Gamma)Method.Current edition approved June 1,2013.Published June 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1815-08.DOI:10.1520/E1815-08R13E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.6.1 DiscussionThe limiting values given in this stan-dard are related to fixed radiation energies and specifiedscreens.3.2.7 granularity,Dstochastic fluctuation in a radio-graphic image,superimposed on the image of the object andtypically caused by random,statistical groupings of individualsilver particles in processed film.3.2.8 ISO speed Sreciprocal value of the dose KSmea-sured in Gray,which results in a specified diffuse opticaltransmission density D D0=2 on the processed film,whereD0is the fog and base density:S 51KS(1)3.2.9 signal/noise ratioin industrial radiography the ratioof a local film density to the granularity Dat this densit