ASTM_E_179_-_12.pdf

Designation:E17912Standard Guide forSelection of Geometric Conditions for Measurement ofReflection and Transmission Properties of Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E179;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis is a guide describing the selecting of geometric conditions of measurement of appearanceattributes such as color,gloss,reflectance,opacity,and transmittance.It includes a selection ofnumerical scales for appearance attributes other than color.In describing appearance,wavelength(or spectral)variability is primarily responsible for color,while geometric(or directional)selectivity is primarily responsible for gloss,luster,translucency,andlike attributes.However,geometric conditions not only affect geometric variables such as gloss andtransparency,but also affect color,diffuse reflectance,and transmittance.Likewise spectral conditionscan affect the measurement of geometric attributes of appearance.Therefore both the spectral andgeometric conditions of measurement must be identified in specifying an appearance attribute of aspecimen.This guide describes the selection of geometric conditions and as a consequence should helpimprove agreement in these measurements as well as providing useful guidance in resolvingdifferences between spectral-type measurements that are related to geometry.1.Scope1.1 This guide is intended for use in selecting terminology,measurement scales,and instrumentation for describing orevaluating such appearance characteristics as glossiness,opacity,lightness,transparency,and haziness in terms ofreflected or transmitted light.This guide does not consider thespectral variations responsible for color,but the geometricvariables described herein can importantly affect instrumen-tally measured values of color.This guide is general in scoperather than specific as to instrument or material.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C346 Test Method for 45-deg Specular Gloss of CeramicMaterialsC347 Test Method for Reflectivity and Coefficient of Scatterof White Porcelain Enamels(Withdrawn 1990)3C523 Test Method for Light Reflectance of Acoustical Ma-terials by the Integrating Sphere Reflectometer(With-drawn 1988)3C584 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Glazed CeramicWhitewares and Related ProductsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD1455 Test Method for 60 Specular Gloss of EmulsionFloor PolishD1494 Test Method for Diffuse Light Transmission Factorof Reinforced Plastics PanelsD1746 Test Method for Transparency of Plastic SheetingD1834 Test Method for 20 Specular Gloss of Waxed Paper(Withdrawn 2004)3D4039 Test Method for Reflection Haze of High-GlossSurfacesD4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-ingsE97 Method of Test for Directional Reflectance Factor,45-Deg 0-Deg,of Opaque Specimens by Broad-BandFilter Reflectometry(Withdrawn 1991)31This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Color andAppearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.03 on Geometry.Current edition approved July 1,2012.Published September 2012.Originallyapproved in 1961.Last previous edition approved in 2003 as E179 96(2003)which was withdrawn April 2012 and reinstated in July 2012.DOI:10.1520/E0179-122For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E167 Practice for Goniophotometry of Objects and Materi-als(Withdrawn 2005)3E284 Terminology of AppearanceE429 Test Method for Measurement and Calculation ofReflecting Characteristics of Metallic Surfaces UsingIntegrating Sphere Instruments(Withdrawn 1996)3E430 Test Methods for Measurement of Gloss of High-GlossSurfaces by Abridged GoniophotometryE808 Practice for Describing RetroreflectionE809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics ofRetroreflectorsE810 Test Method for Coefficient of Retroreflection ofRetroreflective Sheeting Utilizing the Coplanar GeometryE811 Practice for Measuring Colorimetric Characteristics ofRetroreflectors Under Nighttime ConditionsE991 Practice for Color Measurement of Fluorescent Speci-mens Using the One-Monochromator MethodE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1331 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color bySpectrophotometry Using Hemispherical GeometryE1348 Test Method for Transmittance and Color by Spec-trophotometry