ASTM_E_1194_-_17.pdf

Designation:E119417Standard Test Method forVapor Pressure1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1194;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring thevapor pressure of pure liquid or solid compounds.No singletechnique is able to measure vapor pressures from 1 1011to100 kPa(approximately 1010to 760 torr).The subject of thisstandard is gas saturation which is capable of measuring vaporpressures from 1 1011to 1 kPa(approximately 1010to 10torr).Other methods,such as isoteniscope and differentialscanning calorimetry(DSC)are suitable for measuring vaporpressures above 0.1 kPa An isoteniscope(standard)procedurefor measuring vapor pressures of liquids from 1 101to 100kPa(approximately 1 to 760 torr)is available in Test MethodD2879.A DSC(standard)procedure for measuring vaporpressures from 2 101to 100 kPa(approximately 1 to 760torr)is available in Test Method E1782.A gas-saturationprocedure for measuring vapor pressures from 1 1011to 1kPa(approximately 1010to 10 torr)is presented in this testmethod.All procedures are subjects of U.S.EnvironmentalProtection Agency Test Guidelines.1.2 The gas saturation method is very useful for providingvapor pressure data at normal environmental temperatures(40to+60C).At least three temperature values should be studiedto allow definition of a vapor pressure-temperature correlation.Values determined should be based on temperature selectionssuch that a measurement is made at 25C(as recommended byIUPAC)(1),2a value can be interpolated for 25C,or a valuecan be reliably extrapolated for 25C.Extrapolation to 25Cshould be avoided if the temperature range tested includes avalue at which a phase change occurs.Extrapolation to 25Cover a range larger than 10C should also be avoided.Ifpossible,the temperatures investigated should be above andbelow 25C to avoid extrapolation altogether.The gas satura-tion method was selected because of its extended range,simplicity,and general applicability(2).Examples of resultsproduced by the gas-saturation procedure during an interlabo-ratory evaluation are given in Table 1.These data have beentaken from Reference(3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D2879 Test Method for Vapor Pressure-Temperature Rela-tionship and Initial Decomposition Temperature of Liq-uids by IsoteniscopeE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1782 Test Method for Determining Vapor Pressure byThermal Analysis2.2 U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Test Guidelines:Toxic Substances Control Act Test Guidelines;Final Rules,Vapor Pressure43.Terminology Definition3.1 vapor pressurea measure of the volatility in units of orequivalent to kg/m2(pascal)of a substance in equilibrium withthe pure liquid or solid of that same substance at a giventemperature(4).4.Summary of Gas-Saturation Method4.1 Pressures less than 1.33 kPa may be measured using thegas-saturation procedure(4).4.2 In this test method,an inert carrier gas(for example N2)is passed through a sufficient amount of compound to maintainsaturation for the duration of the test.The compound may becoated onto an inert support(for example glass beads)or it may1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 onEnvironmental Assessment,Risk Management and Corrective Actionand is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environ-mental Fate.Current edition approved March 1,2017.Published March 2017.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1194 which waswithdrawn March 2013 and reinstated in March 2017.DOI:10.1520/E1194-17.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Federal Register,Vol 50,No.188,1985,pp.3927039273.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of Internat