ASTM_E_1203_-_98_2004.pdf

Designation:E 1203 98(Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forUsing Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals inAquatic Toxicology1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1203;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for hatching,harvest-ing,and testing the acceptability of brine shrimp nauplii for useas a food for certain fish and invertebrate species that are usedin aquatic toxicity tests.The term“brine shrimp”refers to allspecies in the genus Artemia(1)2although this practicespecifically deals only with those species for which cysts(encysted embryos)are commercially available.1.2 These procedures are applicable to all brine shrimpnauplii that are obtained by incubating commercially availablecysts.With appropriate processing,cysts collected by noncom-mercial harvesters can be subjected to these same procedures.1.3 Modification of these procedures might be justified byspecial needs or circumstances.1.4 This practice is organized as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Practice4Significance and Use5Hazards6Obtaining Cysts7Selecting a Source7.1Storage7.2Hatching Cysts8Harvesting Nauplii9Testing Nauplii10Feeding Assay10.1Chemical and Physical Measurements10.2Using Nauplii11Report121.5This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazardstatements are given in Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E 1191 Guide for Conducting Life-Cycle Toxicity Testswith Saltwater MysidsE 1241 Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage ToxicityTests with Fishes3.Terminology3.1 The words“must,”“should,”“may,”“can,”and“might”have very specific meanings in this practice.“Must”is used toexpress an absolute requirement,that is,to state that the testought to be designed to satisfy the specified condition,unlessthe purpose of the test requires a different design.“Must”isonly used in connection with factors that directly relate to theacceptability of the test.“Should”is used to state that thespecified condition is recommended and ought to be met ifpossible.Although violation of one“should”is rarely a seriousmatter,violation of several will often render the resultsquestionable.Terms such as“is desirable,”“is often desirable,”“might be desirable”are used in connection with less importantfactors.“May”is used to mean“is(are)allowed to,”“can”isused to mean“is(are)able to,”and“might”is used to mean“could possibly.”Thus the classic distinction between“may”and“can”is preserved,and“might”is never used as asynonym for either“may”or“can.”3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 brine shrimp cysta gastrula-stage embryo that isenclosed in an envelope and cuticle for resistance to desicca-tion.Dried brine shrimp cysts are often incorrectly referred toas eggs.Upon hydration,embryonic development proceedsuntil a nauplius emerges from the encysting shell.3.2.2 brine shrimp naupliusa newly hatched,freely swim-ming,instar I stage larva.Nauplii are incapable of exogenousfeeding until the instar II stage that occurs approximately 24 hafter hatch at 25C.The reddish-brown color of the nauplii isdue to the presence of yolk on which they rely for endogenousfood.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 on BiologicalEffects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved April 1,2004.Published April 2004.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 1998 as E 1203 98.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis practice.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.2.3 feeding assaya test in which one or more life stagesof an aquatic animal species is raised on a diet to determine theadequacy of the diet for the life stage(s)of the species.3.2.4 Reference Artemia cystsa homogeneous collectionof cysts that has been tested and declared a Reference sample.Formerly two repositories of reference cysts existed,4but bothsupplies have been exhausted without replacement.3.2.5 straina geographical population of brine shrimp thatis genetically distinct from other brine shrimp populations ofthe same species.Genetic disti