ASTM_E_1678_-_15.pdf

Designation:E167815An American National StandardStandard Test Method forMeasuring Smoke Toxicity for Use in Fire Hazard Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1678;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe pyrolysis or combustion of every combustible material or product produces smoke that is toxic.It is,therefore,desirable to establish a test method for the development of data characterizing smoketoxicity as an element of fire hazard analyses for both pre-flashover and post-flashover fires.The testmethod includes quantification of the toxicity of the smoke and ascertain whether the observed toxicitycan be attributed to the major common toxicants.1.Scope1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a means fordetermining the lethal toxic potency of smoke produced froma material or product ignited while exposed to a radiant heatflux of 50 kW/m2for 15 min.1.2 This test method is limited to test specimens no largerthan 76 by 127 mm(3 by 5 in.),with a thickness no greaterthan 51 mm(2 in.).Specimens are intended to be representa-tive of finished materials or products,including composite andcombination systems.1.3 Lethal toxic potency values associated with 30-minexposures are predicted using calculations that use combustionatmosphere analytical data for carbon monoxide,carbondioxide,oxygen(vitiation)and,if present,hydrogen cyanide,hydrogen chloride,and hydrogen bromide.The predictiveequations are therefore limited to those materials and productswhose smoke toxicity can be attributed to these toxicants.Ananimal check determines the extent to which additional toxi-cants contribute to the lethal toxic potency of the smoke.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials,products,or assemblies in response to heat undercontrolled conditions,but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard of fire risk assessment of thematerials,products,or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations(particularly with regard to thecare and use of experimental animals)prior to use.For specifichazards statements,see Section 7 and Note X1.1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Present or GeneratedDuring Fires2.2 ISO Document:TR 9122(Parts 15)Toxicity Testing of Fire Effluents32.3 FFPA Standard:4NFPA 2692012 Standard Test Method for DevelopingToxic Potency Data for Use in Fire Hazard Modeling3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of general terms used inthis test method,refer to Terminology E176.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 carboxyhemoglobin saturation,nthe percent ofblood hemoglobin predominately converted to carboxyhemo-globin from reaction with inhaled carbon monoxide.3.2.1.1 DiscussionThe chemical reaction between carbon1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on FireStandards and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.21 on Smoke andCombustion Products.Current edition approved Nov.15,2015.Published December 2015.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as E1678 10.DOI:10.1520/E1678-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association(NFPA),1 BatterymarchPark,Quincy,MA 02269,http:/www.nfpa.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 monoxide and hemoglobin in blood is reversible.The effect ofcarbon monoxide on the exposed person may not be reversible.3.2.2 concentration-time curve,na plot of the concentra-tion of a gaseous toxicant as a function of time.3.2.2.1 DiscussionThe concentration-time curve can alsobe used to represent the sum total of all combustion productsinstead of just a single one.3.2.3 Ct product,nthe concentration-time product in(L/L)min obtained by integration of the area under aconcentration-time curve.3.2.3.1 DiscussionValues expressed using this unit arenumerically equal to those using the previously cited unit,ppm,a term whose