ASTM_E_1445_-_08_2015.pdf

Designation:E144508(Reapproved 2015)Standard Terminology Relating toHazard Potential of Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1445;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard is a compilation of terminology used inthe area of hazard potential of chemicals.Terms that aregenerally understood or adequately defined in other readilyavailable sources are not included.1.2 Although some of these definitions are general in nature,many must be used in the context of the standards in whichthey appear.The pertinent standard number is given in paren-theses after the definition.1.3 Intheinterestofcommonunderstandingandstandardization,consistent word usage is encouraged to helpeliminate the major barrier to effective technical communica-tion.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E476 Test Method for Thermal Instability of Confined Con-densed Phase Systems(Confinement Test)(Withdrawn2008)3E487 Test Method for Constant-Temperature Stability ofChemical MaterialsE537 Test Method for The Thermal Stability of Chemicalsby Differential Scanning CalorimetryE582 Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy andQuenching Distance in Gaseous MixturesE659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of LiquidChemicalsE680 Test Method for Drop Weight Impact Sensitivity ofSolid-Phase Hazardous MaterialsE681 Test Method for Concentration Limits of Flammabilityof Chemicals(Vapors and Gases)E698 Test Method for Arrhenius Kinetic Constants forThermally Unstable Materials Using Differential Scan-ning Calorimetry and the Flynn/Wall/Ozawa MethodE771 Test Method for Spontaneous Heating Tendency ofMaterials(Withdrawn 2001)3E918 Practice for Determining Limits of Flammability ofChemicals at Elevated Temperature and PressureE1226 Test Method for Explosibility of Dust CloudsE1231 Practice for Calculation of Hazard Potential Figures-of-Merit for Thermally Unstable MaterialsE1232 Test Method for Temperature Limit of Flammabilityof ChemicalsE1491 Test Method for Minimum Autoignition Temperatureof Dust CloudsE1515 Test Method for Minimum Explosible Concentrationof Combustible DustsE1981 Guide for Assessing Thermal Stability of Materialsby Methods of Accelerating Rate CalorimetryE2012 Guide for the Preparation of a Binary ChemicalCompatibility ChartE2019 Test Method for Minimum Ignition Energy of a DustCloud in AirE2021 Test Method for Hot-Surface Ignition Temperature ofDust LayersE2046 Test Method for Reaction Induction Time by ThermalAnalysis3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:adiabatic calorimeter,nan instrument capable of makingcalorimetric measurements while maintaining a minimalheat loss or gain between the sample and its environment,which is verifiable by the capability to continuously measurethe temperature differential between the sample and itssurroundings.E1981adiabatic decomposition temperature rise,(T)d,nan esti-mation of the computed temperature which a specimenwould attain if all of the enthalpy(heat)of decompositionreaction were to be absorbed by the sample itself.Highvalues represent high hazard potential.E1231anvil,nthe smooth,hardened surface upon which the testsample or cup containing the sample rests.E6801This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E27 on HazardPotential of Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E27.01 onEditorial and Nomenclature.Current edition approved Feb.1,2015.Published April 2015.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1445 08.DOI:10.1520/E1445-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Arrhenius equationk=ZeE/RTwhere k is the specificreaction rate constant in reciprocal minutes for first order,Zis the pre-exponential factor in reciprocal minutes,E is theArrhenius activation energy in J/mol,R is the gas constant,8.32 J/mol K,and T is the temperature in kelvin.E698autoignition,nthe ignition of a material commonly in air asthe result of heat liberation due to an exothermic oxidationreaction in the absence of an external ignition source such asa spark or flame.E659autoignition temperature,nthe minimum temperature atwhich autoignition occurs under the specified conditions oftest.E659DISCUSSIONAutoignition temperature is also referred to as sponta-neous ignition temperature,self-ignition temperature,autogenous igni-tion temperature,and by the acronyms AIT and SIT.AIT is the lowesttemp