ASTM_E_119-18.pdf

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations isued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Commitee.Designation:E119-18An American National StandardINTERNATIONALStandard Test Methods forFire Tests of Building Construction and Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E119;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(8)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe performance of walls,columns,floors,and other building members under fire-exposureconditions is an item of major importance in securing constructions that are safe,and that are not amenace to neighboring structures or to the public.Recognition of this is registered in the codes ofmany authorities,municipal and other.It is important to secure balance of the many units in a singlebuilding,and of buildings of like character and use in a community;and also to promote uniformityin requirements of various authorities throughout the country.To do this it is necessary that thefire-resistive properties of materials and assemblies be measured and specified according to a commonstandard expressed in terms that are applicable alike to a wide variety of materials,situations,andconditions of exposure.Such a standard is found in the test methods that follow.They prescribe a standard exposing fire ofcontrolled extent and severity.Performance is defined as the period of resistance to standard exposureelapsing before the first critical point in behavior is observed.Results are reported in units in whichfield exposures can be judged and expressed.The test methods may be cited as the Standard Fire Tests,and the performance or exposure shallbe expressed as 2-h,6-h,2-h,etc.When a factor of safety exceeding that inherent in the test conditions is desired,a proportionalincrease should be made in the specified time-classification period.1.Scope*period of exposure and shall not be construed as having1.1 The test methods described in this fire-test-responsedetermined suitability under other conditions or for use afterstandard are applicable to assemblies of masonry units and tofire posite assemblies of structural materials for buildings,1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe theincluding loadbearing and other walls and partitions,columns,response of materials,products,or assemblies to heat andgirders,beams,slabs,and composite slab and beam assembliesflame under controlled conditions,but does not by itselffor floors and roofs.They are also applicable to other assem-incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire riskblies and structural units that constitute permanent integralassessment of the materials,products or assemblies underparts of a finished building.actual fire conditions.1.2 It is the intent that classifications shall register compara-1.4 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposurefor comparing the test results of building construction assem-tive performance to specific fire-test conditions during theblies.The results of these tests are one factor in assessingpredicted fire performance of building construction and assem-blies.Application of these test results to predict the perfor-These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E05 on Firemance of actual building construction requires the evaluationStandards and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E05.11 on Fireof test conditions.Resistance.Current edition approved March 1,2018.Published April 2018.Originally1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedapproved in 1917.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as E119-16a.DOI:10.1520/E0119-18.as standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalThese test methods,of which the present standard represents a revision,wereconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyprepared by Sectional Committee on Fire Tests of Materials and Construction,underand are not considered standard.the joint sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards,the ANSI Fire ProtectionGroup,and ASTM,functioning under the procedure of the American National1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of theStandards Institute.safery concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States|E119-185.4 Roofing systems designed for other than the use ofdescribed in Appendix I of the paper by Menzel,C.A.,A Method forbuilt-up roof coverings shall be tested using materials andDetermining the Moisture Condition of Hardened Concrete in Terms ofdetails of construction representative of field application.Relative Humidity,Proceedings,ASTM,Vol 55,1955,p.1085.A similarprocedure with electric sensing elements is permitted to be used to6.Protection and Conditioning of Test Specimendetermine the relative humidity within test specimens made with othermaterials.6.1 Protect the test specimen during and after fabrication toWith wood constructions,the moisture meter based on the electricalensure its quality and condition at the time of test.The testresistance method can be used,when appropriate,as an alternative to thespecimen shall not be tested until its required strength has beenrelative humidity method to indicate when wood has attained the propermoisture content.Electrical methods are described on page 12-2 of theattained,and,until an air-dry condition has been achieved in1999 edition of the Wood Handbook of the Forest Products Laboratory,accordance with the requirements given in 6.2-6.4.ProtectU.S.Department of Agriculture.The relationships between relativethe testing equipment and test specimen undergoing the fire-humidity and moisture content are given in Table 3-4 on p.3-7.Thisresistance test from any condition of wind or weather that isindicates that wood has a moisture content of 13%at a relative humidityof 70 for a temperature of 70 to 80F(21 to 27C).capable of affecting results.The ambient air temperature at theNoTE 2-An example where alternative conditioning may be employedbeginning of the test shall be within the range of 50 to 90F(10is where concrete specimens are conditioned at elevated temperatures in ato 32C).The velocity of air across the unexposed surface ofheated buildingto more rapidly obtain the conditions described in 6.2.the test specimen,measured just before the test begins,shallIn such cases,temperatures other than 73F are used to reach a maximumnot exceed 4.4 ft(1.3 m/s),as determined by an anemometer50 relative humidity.NorE 3-If the moisture condition of the test specimen is likely toplaced at right angles to the unexposed surface.When me-change drastically from the 72-h sampling time prior to test,the samplingchanical ventilation is employed during the test,an air streamshould be made not later than 24 h prior to the test.shall not be directed across the surface of the test specimen.6.2 Prior to the fire-resistance test,condition test specimens7.Controlwith the objective of providing moisture condition within the7.1 Fire-Resistance Test:test specimen representative of that in similar construction in7.1.1 Time-Temperature Curve:buildings.For purposes of standardization,this condition is7.1.1.1 The furnace temperatures shall be controlled toestablished at equilibrium resulting from conditioning in anfollow the standard time-temperature curve shown in Fig.1.ambient atmosphere of 50%relative humidity at 73F(NoteThe points on the curve that determine its character are:1).1000F(538C)at 5 min6.2.1 With some constructions it is difficult or impossible to1300(704C)at 10 min1550F(843C)at 30 minachieve such uniformity.Where this is the case,test specimens1700(927C)at 1 hare tested when the dampest portion of the test specimen,or the1850F(1010Cat 2hportion at 6-in.(152-mm)depth below the surface of massive2000F(1093Cat 4 h2300F(1260C)at 8 h or overconstructions,has achieved a moisture content correspondingto conditioning to equilibrium with air in the range of 50 to7.1.1.2 For a more detailed definition of the time-75%relative humidity at735F(233C).temperature curve,see Appendix X1.6.2.2 When evidence is shown that test specimens condi-NoTE 4-Recommendations for Recording Fuel Flow to Furnacetioned in a heated building will fail to meet the requirements ofBurners-The following provides guidance on the desired characteristics6.2 after a 12-month conditioning period,or in the event thatof instrumentation for recording the flow of fuel to the furnace burners.the nature of the construction is such that it is evident thatFuel flow data may be useful for a furnace heat balance analysis,formeasuring the effect of furace or control changes,and for comparing theconditioning of the test specimen interior is prevented byhermetic sealing,the moisture condition requirements of 6.2are permitted to be waived,and either 6.2.2.1 or 6.2.2.2 shall2400apply.12006.2.2.1 Alternative conditioning methods are permitted tobe used to achieve test specimen equilibrium prescribed in 6.220001000(Note 2).or6.2.2.2 The specimen tested when its strength is at leastL1600equal to its design strength after a minimum 28 day condition-800ing period.g12006.3 Avoid conditioning procedures that will alter the struc-600tural or fire-resistance characteristics of the test specimen fromthose produced as the result of conditiong in accordance with800400procedures given in 6.2.6.4 Information on the actual moisture content and distri-400200bution within the test specimen shall be obtained within 72 hprior to the fire.Include this information in the test report(Note03).NorE 1-A recommended method for determining the relative humidityTime,hwithin a hardened concrete test specimen with electric sensing elements isFIG.1 Time-Temperature CurveE119-18fasteners such as screws,nails,or staples that will be higher orlower in temperature than at a more representative location ifthe aggregate area of any part of such fasteners on theunexposed surface is less than 1%of the area within any 6-in.Fluted Unit(152-mm)diameter circle,unless the fasteners extend throughthe assembly.7.3.1.3 Temperatures shall be measured and recorded atintervals not greater than 30 s.7.3.1.4 Where the conditions of acceptance place a limita-tion on the rise of temperature of the unexposed surface,thetemperature end point of the fire-resistance period shall bedetermined by the average of the measurements taken atCellular Unitindividual points;except that if a temperature rise 30%inexcess of the specified limit occurs at any one of these points,the remainder shall be ignored and the fire-resistance periodjudged as ended.7.3.2 Temperature Measurement of Non-loaded StructuralSteel Columns(Alternative Test of Steel Columns):Cellular Unit7.3.2.1 Measure the temperature of the steel with not fewerFIG.3 Typical Location of Thermocouplesthan three thermocouples at each of four levels.The upper andlower levels shall be 2 ft(0.6 m)from the ends of the steelthe ceiling,and over light fixtures.It shall not be required thatcolumn,and the two intermediate levels shall be equallyall four thermocouples be located at the same section.spaced.For situations in which the protection material thick-7.3.3.4 For steel structural members,locate thermocouplesness is not uniform along the test specimen length,at least oneas shown in Fig.4:two on the bottom of the bottom flange orof the levels at which temperatures are measured shall includechord,one on the web at the center,and one on the top flangethe point of minimum cover.Place the thermocouples at eachor chord.level to measure temperatures of the component elements of7.3.3.5 For reinforced or pre-stressed concrete structuralthe steel section.members,locate thermocouples on each of the tension rein-7.3.3 Temperature Measurement of the Components offorcing elements,unless there are more than eight suchFloors and Roofs:elements,in which case place thermocouples on eight elements7.3.3.1 For steel floor or roof units,locate four thermo-selected in such a manner as to obtain representative tempera-couples on each section(a section to comprise the width of onetures of all the elements.unit),one on the bottom plane of the unit at an edge joint,one7.3.4 Temperature Measurement of Loaded Restrainedon the bottom plane of the unit remote from the edge,one onBeams:a side wall of the unit,and one on the top plane of the unit,The7.3.4.1 Measure the temperature of the steel structuralthermocouples shall be applied,where practicable,to themembers with four thermocouples at each of three or moresurface of the units remote from fire and spaced across thesections equally spaced along the length of the members.Forwidth of the unit.No more than four or fewer than two sectionssituations in which the protection material thickness is notneed be so instrumented in each representative span.Locate thegroups of four thermocouples in representative locationsspaced across the width of the unit.Typical thermocouplelocations for a unit section are shown in Fig.3.7.3.3.2 For test specimens employing structural members(beams,open-web steel joists,etc.)spaced at more than 4 ft(1.2 m)on centers,measure the temperature of the steel inthese members with four thermocouples at each of three orSection Amore sections equally spaced along the length of the members.For situations in which the protection material thickness is notuniform along the test specimen length,at least one of thesections at which temperatures are measured shall include thepoint of minimum cover.7.3.3.3 For test specimens employing structural members(beams,open-web steel joists,etc.)spaced at 4 ft(1.2 m)oncenter or less,measure the temperature of the steel in thesemembers with four thermocouples placed on each member.Nomore than four members shall be so instrumented.Place theSection Bthermocouples at locations,such as at mid-span,over joints inFIG.4 Typical Location of Thermocouple5