Designation:E1604−12StandardGuideforBehavioralTestinginAquaticToxicology1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1604;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.1.Scope1.1Thisguidecoverssomegeneralinformationontheselectionandapplicationofbehavioralmethodsusefulfordeterminingthesublethaleffectsofchemicalstofish,amphibians,andmacroinvertebrates.1.2Behavioraltoxicityoccurswhenchemicalorotherstressfulconditions,suchaschangesinwaterqualityortemperature,induceabehavioralchangethatexceedsthenormalrangeofvariability(1).2Behaviorincludesallobservable,recordable,ormeasurableactivitiesofalivingorganismandreflectsgenetic,neurobiological,physiological,andenvironmentaldeterminants(2).1.3Behavioralmethodscanbeusedinbiomonitoring,thedeterminationofno-observed-effectandlowest-observed-effectconcentrations,andthepredictionofhazardouschemicalimpactsonnaturalpopulations(3).1.4Behavioralmethodscanbeappliedtofish,amphibians,andmacroinvertebratesinstandardlaboratorytoxicitytests,testsofeffluents,andsedimenttoxicitytests.1.5Thevariousbehavioralmethodsincludedinthisguidearecategorizedwithrespecttoseveninterdependent,func-tionalresponsesthatfish,amphibians,andmacroinvertebratesmustperforminordertosurvive.Thesefunctionalresponsesincluderespiration,locomotion,habitatselection,feeding,predatoravoidance,competition,andreproduction(4).Theseresponsescanbedocumentedvisuallyorthroughvideooracousticimagery.Electronicallyrecordedinformationcanbederivedthroughmanualtechniquesorthroughtheuseofdigitalimageanalysissoftware.(5,6,7)1.5.1Thefunctionalresponsesarenotnecessarilymutuallyexclusivecategories.Forinstance,locomotion,ofsomeformofmovement,isimportanttoallbehavioralfunctions.1.6Additionalbehavioralmethodsforanycategorymaybeaddedwhennewtestsaredevelopedaswellaswhenmethodsareadaptedto...
