ASTM_E_1710_-_11.pdf

Designation:E171011Standard Test Method forMeasurement of Retroreflective Pavement Marking Materialswith CEN-Prescribed Geometry Using a PortableRetroreflectometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1710;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers measurement of the retroreflec-tive properties of horizontal pavement marking materialscontaining retroreflecting beads,such as traffic stripes andsurface symbols,using a portable retroreflectometer that can beplaced on the road delineation to measure the retroreflection ata prescribed geometry.NOTE1The restriction to bead based materials is for the purpose ofensuring a sufficiently gradual optical response function(from points ofthe source aperture to points of the receiver aperture)to allow generoussized instrument source and receiver apertures.1.2 The entrance and observation angles of the retroreflec-tometer affect the readings.As specified by the EuropeanCommittee for Standardization(CEN),the entrance and obser-vation angles shall be 88.76 and 1.05,respectively.1.3 This test method is intended to be used for fieldmeasurement of pavement markings but may be used tomeasure the performance of materials on sample panels beforeplacing the marking material in the field.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4061 Test Method for Retroreflectance of Horizontal Coat-ingsD6359 Specification for Minimum Retroreflectance ofNewly Applied Pavement Marking Using Portable Hand-Operated Instruments(Withdrawn 2006)3E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE809 Practice for Measuring Photometric Characteristics ofRetroreflectors2.2 Other Standard:CEN EN 1436 Road Marking MaterialsRoad MarkingPerformance for Road Users43.Terminology3.1 The terminology used in this test method generallyagrees with that used in Terminology E284.3.2 DefinitionsThe delimiting phrase“in retroreflection”applies to each of the following definitions when used outsidethe context of this or other retroreflection test methods:3.2.1 coeffcient of retroreflected luminance,RL,nthe ratioof the luminance,L,of a projected surface to the normalilluminance,E,at the surface on a plane normal to theincident light,expressed in candelas per square metre per lux(cdm2lx1).3.2.1.1 DiscussionBecause of the low luminance of pave-ment markings,the units used commonly are millicandelas persquare metre per lux(mcdm2lx1).3.2.2 co-entrance angle,C,nthe complement of theentrance angle(90 ).3.2.3 co-viewing angle,C,nthe complement of the view-ing angle(90 ).3.2.4 entrance angle,nthe angle between the illumina-tion axis and the retroreflector axis.3.2.5 observation angle,nthe angle between the illu-mination axis and the observation axis.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.10 onRetroreflection.Current edition approved June 1,2011.Published June 1,2011.Originallyapproved in 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1710 05.DOI:10.1520/E171011.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from European Committee for Standardization(CEN),36 rue deStassart,B-1050,Brussels,Belgium,http:/www.cenorm.be.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.6 portable retroreflectometer,na hand-held instrumentthat can be used in the field or laboratory for measurement ofretroreflectance.3.2.6.1 DiscussionIn this test method,“portable retrore-flectometer”refers to a hand-held instrument that can be placedover roadway delineation to measure the coefficient of retrore-flected luminance with a prescribed geometry.3.2.7 presentation angle,nthe angle between the obser-vation half-plane and the half-plane that originates on theillumination axis and that contains the retroreflector axis.3.2.8 instrument standard,nworking standard used tostandardize the portable retroreflectometer.3.2.9 retroreflection,na reflection in which the reflectedrays are returned preferentially i