ASTM_E_1545_-_11.pdf

Designation:E154511Standard Test Method forAssignment of the Glass Transition Temperature byThermomechanical Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1545;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes procedures for the assign-ment of the glass transition temperature of materials on heatingusing thermomechanical measurements under compressionexperimental conditions.1.2 This test method is applicable to amorphous or topartially crystalline materials that are sufficiently rigid belowthe glass transition to inhibit indentation by the sensing probe.1.3 The normal operating temperature range is from 100to 600 C.This temperature range may be extended dependingupon the instrumentation used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2.ISO 11359-2additionally covers the determination of coefficient of linearthermal expansion not covered by this test method.This testmethod is related to IEC 61006 but uses a slower heating rate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary statements are given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-mechanical Analyzers2.2 Other Standard:ISO 11359-2 PlasticsThermomechanical Analysis(TMA)Part 2:Determination of Coefficient of Linear ThermalExpansion and Glass Transition Temperature3IEC 61006 Methods of Test for the Determination of theGlass Transition Temperature of Electrical Insulating Ma-terials43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe following terms are applicable to thistest method and can be found in Terminologies E473 andE1142:thermomechanical analysis(TMA),thermomechanicalmeasurement,thermodilatometry,glass transition,glass tran-sition temperature,and linear thermal expansion.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses thermomechanical analysis equip-ment(thermomechanical analyzer,dilatometer,or similar de-vice)to assign the change in dimension of a specimen observedwhen the material is subjected to a constant heating ratethrough its glass transition.This change in dimension associ-ated with the change from vitreous solid to amorphous liquid isobserved as movement of the sensing probe in direct contactwith the specimen and is recorded as a function of temperature.The intersection of the extrapolation of the slope of the probedisplacement curve before and after the transition is used todetermine the glass transition temperature.5.Significance and Use5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal historyof the material to be tested.For amorphous and semicrystallinematerials the assignment of the glass transition temperaturemay lead to important information about thermal history,processing conditions,stability,progress of chemical reactions,and mechanical and electrical behavior.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 onFundamental,Statistical and Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 1,2011.Published May 2011.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E1545 05.DOI:10.1520/E1545-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC),3 rue deVaremb,Case postale 131,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iec.ch.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means ofdetecting changes in hardness or linear expansion associatedwith the glass transition.5.3 This test method is useful for research and development,quality control,and specification acceptance.6.Apparatus6.1 Thermomechanical Analyzer(TMA)The essential in-strumentation required to provide the minimum thermome-chanical analytical capability for this test meth