ASTM_E_2001_-_13.pdf

Designation:E200113Standard Guide forResonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Defect Detection inBoth Metallic and Non-metallic Parts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2001;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This guide describes a procedure for detecting defects inmetallic and non-metallic parts using the resonant ultrasoundspectroscopy method.The procedure is intended for use withinstruments capable of exciting and recording whole bodyresonant states within parts which exhibit acoustical or ultra-sonic ringing.It is used to distinguish acceptable parts fromthose containing defects,such as cracks,voids,chips,densitydefects,tempering changes,and dimensional variations that areclosely correlated with the parts mechanical system dynamicresponse.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1876 Test Method for Dynamic Youngs Modulus,ShearModulus,and Poissons Ratio by Impulse Excitation ofVibrationE2534 Practice for Process Compensated Resonance TestingVia Swept Sine Input for Metallic and Non-Metallic Parts3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions of terms relating to conven-tional ultrasonics can be found in Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 resonant ultrasonic spectroscopy(RUS),na nonde-structive examination method,which employs resonant ultra-sound methodology for the detection and assessment of varia-tions and mechanical properties of a test object.In thisprocedure,whereby a rigid part is caused to resonate,theresonances are compared to a previously defined resonancepattern.Based on this comparison the part is judged to be eitheracceptable or unacceptable.3.2.2 swept sine method,nthe use of an excitation sourceto create a transient vibration in a test object over a range offrequencies.Specifically,the input frequency is swept over arange of frequencies and the output is characterized by aresonant amplitude response spectrum.3.2.3 impulse excitation method,nstriking an object witha mechanical impact,or electromagnetic field(laser and/orEMAT)causing multiple resonances to be simultaneouslystimulated.3.2.4 resonant inspection(RI),nany induced resonantnondestructive examination method employing an excitationforce to create mechanical resonances for the purpose ofidentifying a test objects conformity to an established accept-able pattern.4.Summary of the Technology(1)34.1 Introduction:4.1.1 In addition to its basic research applications inphysics,materials science,and geophysics,Resonant Ultra-sound Spectroscopy(RUS)has been used successfully as anapplied nondestructive testing tool.Resonant ultrasound spec-troscopy in commercial,nondestructive testing has a fewrecognizable names including,RUS Nondestructive Testing,Acoustic Resonance Spectroscopy(ARS),and Resonant In-spection.Early references to this body of science often aretermed the“swept sine method.”It was not until 1990(2)thatthe name Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy appeared,but thetwo techniques are synonymous.Additionally,impulsemethods,like the striking of a rail car wheel with a hammer,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 on UltrasonicMethod.Current edition approved Dec.1,2013.Published January 2014.Originallyapproved in 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E2001-08.DOI:10.1520/E2001-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis guide.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 and listening for the responses,have been used for over 100years to detect the existence of large cracks.RUS basedtechniques are becoming commonly used in the manufacture ofsteel,ceramic,and sintered metal parts.In these situations,apart is vibrated mechanically,and defects are detected based onchanges in the pattern of resonances or variations fromtheoretically calculated or empirically acceptabl