ASTM_E_140_-_12be1.pdf

Designation:E14012b1Standard Hardness Conversion Tables forMetals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness,VickersHardness,Rockwell Hardness,Superficial Hardness,KnoopHardness,Scleroscope Hardness,and Leeb Hardness1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E140;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEEq A10.1 and Eq A10.2 were editorially corrected in August 2013.1.Scope*1.1 Conversion Table 1 presents data in the Rockwell Chardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,Rockwell superficialhardness,Knoop hardness,and Scleroscope hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon,alloy,and tool steels in theas-forged,annealed,normalized,and quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are homogeneous.1.2 Conversion Table 2 presents data in the Rockwell Bhardness range on the relationship among Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,Rockwell superficialhardness,Knoop hardness,and Scleroscope hardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon,alloy,and tool steels in theas-forged,annealed,normalized,and quenched and temperedconditions provided that they are homogeneous.1.3 Conversion Table 3 presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,Rockwell superficial hardness,and Knoop hardness of nickeland high-nickel alloys(nickel content over 50%).Thesehardness conversion relationships are intended to apply par-ticularly to the following:nickel-aluminum-silicon specimensfinished to commercial mill standards for hardness testing,covering the entire range of these alloys from their annealed totheir heavily cold-worked or age-hardened conditions,includ-ing their intermediate conditions.1.4 Conversion Table 4 presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,and Rockwell superficial hardness of cartridge brass.1.5 Conversion Table 5 presents data on the relationshipbetween Brinell hardness and Rockwell B hardness of auste-nitic stainless steel plate in the annealed condition.1.6 Conversion Table 6 presents data on the relationshipbetween Rockwell hardness and Rockwell superficial hardnessof austenitic stainless steel sheet.1.7 Conversion Table 7 presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,Rockwell superficial hardness,and Knoop hardness of copper.1.8 Conversion Table 8 presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell hardness,Rockwell hardness,and Vickershardness of alloyed white iron.1.9 Conversion Table 9 presents data on the relationshipamong Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,Rockwell hardness,and Rockwell superficial hardness of wrought aluminum prod-ucts.1.10 Conversion Table 10 presents data in the Rockwell Chardness range on the relationship among Leeb(Type D)hardness,Brinell hardness,Vickers hardness,and Rockwellhardness of non-austenitic steels including carbon,alloy,andtool steels in the as-forged,annealed,normalized,andquenched and tempered conditions provided that they arehomogeneous.1.11 Many of the conversion values presented herein wereobtained from computer-generated curves of actual test data.Most Rockwell hardness numbers are presented to the nearest0.1 or 0.5 hardness number to permit accurate reproduction ofthese curves.1.12 Annex A1 Annex A10 contain equations to convertfrom one hardness scale to another.The equations given inAnnexA1 AnnexA9 were developed from the data in Tables1 to 9,respectively.The equations given in Annex A10 weredeveloped at the time the Leeb hardness test was invented(seeAppendix X2).The data in Table 10 was calculated from theAnnex A10 equations.1.13 Conversion of hardness values should be used onlywhen it is impossible to test the material under the conditionsspecified,and when conversion is made it should be done withdiscretion and under controlled conditions.Each type of1These conversion tables are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E28 onMechanical Testing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.06 onIndentation Hardness Testing.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Published May 2013.Originallyapproved in 1958.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E140 12a.DOI:10.1520/E0140-12B.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 hardness test is subject to certain errors,but if precautions arecarefully observed,the reliability of hardness readings made oninstruments of the indentation type will be found comparable.Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardnessscale(for example,Ro