ASTM_E_2101_-_15.pdf

Designation:E210115Standard Test Method forMeasuring the Frictional Properties of Winter ContaminatedPavement Surfaces Using an Averaging-Type SpotMeasuring Decelerometer1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2101;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the fric-tional properties of winter contaminated pavement surfacesusing an averaging-type spot measuring decelerometer.If adata phone is used,it should meet all the requirements wherethe word decelerometer is used in this standard.The methodproduces a reading that is proportional to the decelerationsustained by a test vehicle fitted with pneumatic rubber tiresbraking with all wheels locked.Afriction index for a section ofwinter contaminated pavement is determined from the averageof several deceleration measurements recorded over the sectionof winter contaminated pavement.1.2 This test method is applicable to averaging-type spotmeasuring decelerometers.1.3 This test method is applicable to the following wintercontaminated pavement surface conditions:1.3.1 Ice;1.3.2 Wet ice(ice covered with a thin film of moisture of adepth insufficient to cause hydroplaning);1.3.3 Compacted snow,any depth;1.3.4 Slush on ice,slush not exceeding 3 mm(0.1 in.)indepth;1.3.5 Loose,dry snow,not exceeding 25 mm(1 in.)indepth;1.3.6 Ice control chemical solution on ice;and1.3.7 Sand on ice.1.4 This test method shall not be used when the followingwinter contaminated pavement surface conditions are present:1.4.1 Water on a bare pavement surface;1.4.2 Slush;and1.4.3 Loose snow exceeding 25 mm(1 in.)in depth.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values in parentheses are in inch-pound units andare not exact equivalents,therefore,each system must be usedindependent of the other,without combining values in any way.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms,refer to Terminology E867.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 averaging-type spot measuring decelerometer,naspot measuring decelerometer that measures the average rate ofdeceleration of a test vehicle during braking.3.2.2 ga unit of acceleration where 1 g is equal to theacceleration of gravity,9.8 m/s2(32.2 ft/s2).3.2.3 spot measuring decelerometer,na device used tomeasure vehicle deceleration on roads and runway surfaces.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A spot measuring decelerometer is placed in a testvehicle so that the decelerometer can measure the decelerationof the vehicle during braking.4.2 The test vehicle is accelerated over a section of wintercontaminated pavement and the brakes are applied firmly tocause all the wheels to lock.4.3 The friction coefficient developed between the pave-ment surface and the vehicle is directly related to the decel-eration of the vehicle recorded by the decelerometer when thedeceleration is reported in g units.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on Vehicle-Pavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.21 onField Methods for Measuring Tire Pavement Friction.Current edition approved June 1,2015.Published July 2015.Originally approvedin 2000.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E2101 14.DOI:10.1520/E2101-15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.Significance and Use5.1 Knowledge of the frictional properties of a wintercontaminated pavement surface is essential to evaluate thebraking effort of ground vehicles or aircraft operating on apavement surface.The presence of contaminants on a pave-ment surface will affect the frictional properties of the surfacein a manner which is difficult to evaluate by visual observationalone.The frictional properties of a winter contaminatedpavement surface can be characterized using a spot measuringdecelerometer which provides a measurement of the surfacefriction and assists with the evaluation of pavement wintermaintenance requirements.5.2 The measurements produced by this test method shouldnot be used as the sole criteria to determine pavement wintermaintenanc