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ASTM_E_1847_-_96_2013.pdf
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TM_E_1847_ _96_2013
Designation:E184796(Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forStatistical Analysis of Toxicity Tests Conducted UnderASTM Guidelines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1847;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers guidance for the statistical analysisof laboratory data on the toxicity of chemicals or mixtures ofchemicals to aquatic or terrestrial plants and animals.Thispractice applies only to the analysis of the data,after the testhas been completed.All design concerns,such as the statementof the null hypothesis and its alternative,the choice of alphaand beta risks,the identification of experimental units,possiblepseudo replication,randomization techniques,and the execu-tion of the test are beyond the scope of this practice.Thispractice is not a textbook,nor does it replace consultation witha statistician.It assumes that the investigator recognizes thestructure of his experimental design,has identified the experi-mental units that were used,and understands how the test wasconducted.Given this information,the proper statistical analy-ses can be determined for the data.1.1.1 Recognizing that statistics is a profession in whichresearch continues in order to improve methods for performingthe analysis of scientific data,the use of statistical methodsother than those described in this practice is acceptable as longas they are properly documented and scientifically defensible.Additional annexes may be developed in the future to reflectcomments and needs identified by users,such as more detaileddiscussion of probit and logistic regression models,or statisti-cal methods for dose response and risk assessment.1.2 The sections of this guide appear as follows:TitleSectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Significance and Use4Statistical Methods5Flow Chart6Flow Chart Comments7Keywords8References1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E178 Practice for Dealing With Outlying ObservationsE456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1241 Guide for Conducting Early Life-Stage Toxicity Testswith FishesE1325 Terminology Relating to Design of ExperimentsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units(SI):The Modern MetricSystem3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 The following terms are defined according to thereferences noted:3.1.2 analysis of variance(ANOVA)a technique that sub-divides the total variation of a set of data into meaningfulcomponent parts associated with specific sources of variationfor the purpose of testing some hypothesis on the parameters ofthe model or estimating variance components(1).33.1.3 categorical datavariates that take on a limitednumber of distinct values(2).3.1.4 censored datasome subjects have not experiencedthe event of interest at the end of the study or time of analysis.The exact survival times of these subjects are unknown(3).3.1.5 central limit theoremwhatever the shape of thefrequency distribution of the original populations of Xs,thefrequency distribution of the mean,in repeated randomsamples of size n tends to become normal as n increases(2).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E50 on Environ-mental Assessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the directresponsibility of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and EnvironmentalFate.Current edition approved March 1,2013.Published March 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E184796(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1847-96R13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The boldface numbers given in parentheses refer to a list of references at theend of the text.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.6 central tendency measurea statistic that measuresthe central location of the sample observations(4).3.1.7 concentration-response testingthe quantitative rela-tion between the amount of factor X and the magnitude of theeffect it causes is determined by performing parallel sets ofoperations with various known amounts,or doses,of the factorand measuring the result,that is called the response(5).3.1.8 continuous dataa variable that can assume a con-tinuum of possible outcomes(4).3.1.9 c

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