ASTM_E_1347_-_06_2015.pdf

Designation:E134706(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forColor and Color-Difference Measurement by TristimulusColorimetry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1347;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the instrumental measurementof specimens resulting in color coordinates and color differencevalues by using a tristimulus colorimeter,also known as atristimulus filter colorimeter or a color-difference meter.1.2 Provision is made in this test method for the measure-ment of color coordinates and color differences by reflected ortransmitted light using either a hemispherical optical measur-ing system,such as an integrating sphere,or a bidirectionaloptical measuring system,such as annular,circumferential,oruniplanar 45:0 and 0:45 geometry.1.3 Because of the limited absolute accuracy of tristimuluscolorimeters,this test method specifies that,when color coor-dinates are required,the instrument be standardized by use ofa standard having similar spectral(color)and geometriccharacteristics to those of the specimen.This standard is alsoknown as a product standard.The use of a product standard ofsuitable stability is highly desirable.1.4 Because tristimulus colorimeters do not provide anyinformation about the reflectance or transmittance curves of thespecimens,they cannot be used to gain any information aboutmetamerism or paramerism.1.5 Because of the inability of tristimulus(filter)colorim-eters to detect metamerism or paramerism of specimens,thistest method specifies that,when color differences are required,the two specimens must have similar spectral(color)andgeometric characteristics.In this case,the instrument may bestandardized for reflectance measurement by use of a whitereflectance standard or,for transmittance measurement,withno specimen or standard at the specimen position.1.6 This test method is generally suitable for any non-fluorescent,planar,object-color specimens of all gloss levels.Users must determine whether an instrument complying withthis method yields results that are useful to evaluate andcharacterize retroreflective specimens,or specimens havingoptical structures.1.7 This test method does not apply to the use of aspectrocolorimeter,which is a spectrometer that providescolorimetric data,but not the underlying spectral data.Mea-surement by using a spectrocolorimeter is covered in PracticeE1164 and methods on color measurement by spectrophotom-etry.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesE179 Guide for Selection of Geometric Conditions forMeasurement of Reflection and Transmission Propertiesof MaterialsE284 Terminology of AppearanceE805 Practice for Identification of Instrumental Methods ofColor or Color-Difference Measurement of MaterialsE1164 Practice for Obtaining Spectrometric Data for Object-Color EvaluationE1345 Practice for Reducing the Effect of Variability ofColor Measurement by Use of Multiple Measurements3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The definitions contained in Guide E179 and Termi-nology E284 are applicable to this test method.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E12 on Colorand Appearance and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E12.02 onSpectrophotometry and Colorimetry.Current edition approved Nov.1,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E1347 06(2011).DOI:10.1520/E1347-06R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method provides procedures for measuringobject-color specimens in either transmission or reflection witha tristimulus colorimeter(hereafter referred to as a colorimeter)by use of the following geometric conditions and standardiza-tion procedures:4.1.1 Color differences by reflected light of nonmetameric,nonparameric pairs of opaque or translucent specimens by useof either hemispherical geometry,with an integrating sphere,orbidirectional geometry,such as annular,circumferential,oruniplanar 45:0 or 0:45 geometry.The colorimeter may bestandardized b