ASTM_E_1192_-_97_2014.pdf

Designation:E119297(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forConducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous AmbientSamples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,andAmphibians1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1192;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effects of an aqueous effluent oncertainspeciesoffreshwaterandsaltwaterfishes,macroinvertebrates,and amphibians,usually during 2 to 4-dayexposures,depending on the species,using the static,renewal,and flow-through techniques.These procedures will probablybe useful for conducting acute toxicity tests on aqueouseffluents with many other aquatic species,although modifica-tions might be necessary.1.2 Other modifications of these procedures might be justi-fied by special needs or circumstances.Although using appro-priate procedures is more important than following prescribedprocedures,results of tests conducted using unusual proceduresare not likely to be comparable to results of many other tests.Comparison of results obtained using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting acutetoxicity tests on aqueous effluents.1.3 This guide is based in large part on Guide E729.Themajor differences between the two guides are(1)the maximumtest concentration is 100%effluent or ambient sample,(2)testing is not chemical specific,and(3)the holding time ofeffluent and ambient samples is often considerably less thanthat for chemicals and other test materials.Because the sampleis often a complex mixture of chemicals,analytical tests cannotgenerally be used to confirm exposure concentrations.1.4 Selection of the technique to be used in a specificsituation will depend upon the needs of the investigator andupon available resources.Static tests provide the most easilyobtained measure of acute toxicity,but should not last longerthan 48 h.Renewal and flow-through tests may last longer than48 h because the pH and concentrations of dissolved oxygenand effluent are maintained at desired levels and degradationand metabolic products are removed.Static tests might not beapplicable to effluents that have a high oxygen demand,orcontain materials that(1)are highly volatile,(2)are rapidlybiologically or chemically transformed in aqueous solutions,or(3)are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities bythe test chambers or organisms during the test.Flow-throughtests are generally preferable to renewal tests,although in somesituations a renewal test might be more cost-effective than aflow-through test.1.5 In the development of these procedures,an attempt wasmade to balance scientific and practical considerations and toensure that the results will be sufficiently accurate and precisefor the applications for which they are commonly used.Amajor consideration was that the common uses of the results ofacute tests on effluents do not require or justify stricterrequirements than those set forth in this guide.Although thetests may be improved by using more organisms,longeracclimation times,and so forth,the requirements presented inthis guide should usually be sufficient.1.6 Results of acute toxicity tests should usually be reportedin terms of a median lethal concentration(LC50)or medianeffective concentration(EC50).In some situations,it might benecessary only to determine whether a specific concentration isacutely toxic to the test species or whether the LC50 or EC50is above or below a specific concentration.1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Hazards7Apparatus6Facilities6.1Special Requirements6.2Construction Materials6.3Metering System6.4Test Chambers6.5Cleaning6.6Acceptability6.7Dilution Water8Requirements8.11This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1988.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1192 97(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1192-97R14.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 Source8.2Treatment8.3Characterization8.4Effluent9Sampling Point9.1Collection9.2Preservation9.3Treatment9.4Test Concentration(s)9.5Test Organisms10Species10.1Age10.2Source10.3Care and Handling10.4Feeding10.5Disease Treatment10.6Holding10.7Acclimation10.8Quality10.9Procedure11Experimental Design11.1Dissolved Oxygen11.2Temperature11.3Loading11.4Beginning the Test11.5Feeding11.6