ASTM_E_1108_-_86_2009.pdf

Designation:E110886(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forDetermination of the Recovery of a Product in aMaterials Separation Device1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1108;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the recov-ery of a desired product in a device processing solid waste forthe purpose of concentrating a component of interest.Therecovery is determined with respect to the amount of thedesired component in one output stream(accepts)as opposedto another output stream(rejects).The results of this calcula-tion determine the effectiveness of component separation whencoupled with a measure of product purity as described in TestMethod E889.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E889 Test Method for Composition or Purity of a SolidWaste Materials StreamE1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput ofResource-Recovery Unit Operations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 acceptsthe output stream from the materials separa-tion device that contains the highest concentration(purity)ofthe component(s)that the device is designed to separate.3.1.2 binary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into two output or product streams.3.1.3 componentany identifiable and defined fraction ofsolid waste.3.1.4 feedthe input stream.3.1.5 gross samplea sample representing one lot andcomposed of a number of increments on which neither reduc-tion nor division has been performed.3.1.6 laboratory sample(or analysis sample)a portion ofone gross sample representative of a lot and taken at randomfrom the gross sample.3.1.7 polynary separatora device that separates a singleinput feed stream into three or more output product streams.3.1.8 puritythe purity of a stream is defined in terms ofone or more identifiable components,x,y,z,etc.as separatedby hand sorting.The composition for any component such as xis the mass of x in a stream divided by the total mass of thatstream.Purity is expressed as a fraction,decimal fraction orpercent.3.1.9 recoverythe fraction(on a percentage basis)of aspecific component,x,in an input process stream(feed)captured or recovered into an output process stream(accepts).Recovery is calculated as a mass of x in the output stream perunit time divided by the mass of x in the input stream per thesame time,and the fraction is multiplied by 100.Alternatively,the concentration of the component(s)of interest(defined aspurity in Test Method E889)are measured in all input and exitstreams and used to calculate recovery.3.1.10 rejectsthe output stream(s)that have low concen-trations of the component(s)of interest.NOTE1In mass per time terms,Feed=Accepts+Rejects for anyconservation component if there is no storage term or loss of mass,forexample,moisture.3.1.11 steady state operationa condition in which thematerials separator is achieving a constant recovery perfor-mance over a given time.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 Percent recovery of a component can be calculatedeither by measuring the throughput of component x(mass per1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved July 1,2009.Published August 2009.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last edition approved in 2004 as E1108 86(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1108-86R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 unit time)in the input(feed)and the throughput of componentx in the output(accepts)process streams or by measuring thepurity of the input and output streams.4.1.1 The throughputs are measured as described in TestMethod E1107.4.1.2 The purity analyses are described in Test MethodE889.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to document the ability of asolid waste resource recovery separator to capture the compo-nent(s)of interest in the desired process stream.5.2 The recovery determined in this way is use