ASTM_E_1116_-_98_2014.pdf

Designation:E111698(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forEmulsification Characteristics of Pesticide EmulsifiableConcentrates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1116;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a general procedure for thedetermination of emulsification spontaneity and the emulsionstability characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrateswhen diluted with water.1.2 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be takenwhen working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin oreye contact,vapor inhalation,and environmental contamina-tion.Read and follow all handling instructions for the specificformulation and conduct the test in accordance with goodlaboratory practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1126 Test Method for Hardness in WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent Water3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 emulsification spontaneitythe rapid formation ofan emulsion in the test water from agitation provided only bythe gravity addition of the product.For products of densitygreater than the water used,an excellent spontaneity rating isassigned when the emulsion bloom(billowing)extends down-ward to near the bottom of the water,with no visible oil orcream droplets reaching the bottom of the test cylinder.Forproducts of density less than the water used,a rating ofexcellent is given if bloom occurs near the top of the water andno free oil is present.Spontaneity descriptions between excel-lent and nil(no emulsion formed,only free oil)are assignedvery-good,fair,and poor on a subjective basis.3.1.2 emulsion qualitya subjective evaluation of the emul-sion appearance.A rating of excellent(homogeneous),verygood,good,fair,and poor(nonhomogeneous)is assigned.3.1.2.1 DiscussionCream and oil separation may coexist.Normally,oil is located at either the extreme top or bottom ofthe liquid with cream between it and the rest of the emulsion.On rare occasions,separation occurs at both top and bottom ofthe liquid(because of partition and solubility properties)andcare must be taken to so note and record.3.2 Separation:3.2.1 separation,creama discrete,opaque layer of con-centrated emulsion occurring at either the top or the bottom ofthe liquid.3.2.2 separation,oila discrete layer of nonemulsifiedliquid occurring at either the top or the bottom of the liquid.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this test method,emulsifiable pesticide concentratesare added to water of a given hardness and at a specifiedtemperature to form an oil-in-water emulsion.Performance ofthe formulation is measured in terms of emulsion spontaneity,emulsionstabilityunderstaticconditions,andre-emulsification of the coalesced phase.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a guide for evaluating emul-sification characteristics of pesticide emulsifiable concentrates.It defines the stability of emulsified particles in water.Althoughnot absolute,the test method is a measure of expected emulsionstability in agricultural application equipment.6.Apparatus6.1 Analytical Balance,accurate to 0.01 g.6.2 Burets,50 and 100-mL capacity.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E35 onPesticides,Antimicrobials,and Alternative Control Agentsand is the direct respon-sibility of Subcommittee E35.22 on Pesticide Formulations and Delivery Systems.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1116 98(2008).DOI:10.1520/E1116-98R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.3 Graduated Cylinders,flat bottom,100-mL capacity,glass stoppered,volume divisions from 1 to 100 mL in 1-mLincrements,having an overall length of 300 6 15 mm and ahead space between 50 and 75 mm.6.4 Pipets,graduated serological,various delivery volumes.6.5 Pipet Filler,bulb-type or equivalent.6.6 Thermometer,graduated in 1C increments and having aminimum range from 0 to 50C.6.7 Volumetric Flasks,1000-mL capacity calibrated at20C.6.8 Constant Temperature(61C)Device,of minimumvibration fo