ASTM_E_1610_-_18.pdf

Designation:E161018Standard Guide forForensic Paint Analysis and Comparison1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1610;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Forensic paint analyses and comparisons are typicallydistinguished by sample size that precludes the application ofmany standard industrial paint analysis procedures or proto-cols.The forensic paint examiner must address concerns suchas the issues of a case or investigation,sample size,complexityand condition,environmental effects,and collection methods.These factors require that the forensic paint examiner choosetest methods,sample preparation schemes,test sequence,anddegree of sample alteration and consumption that are suitableto each specific case.1.2 This guide is intended as an introduction to standardguides for forensic examination of paints and coatings.It isintended to assist individuals who conduct forensic paintanalyses in their evaluation,selection,and application of teststhat can be of value to their investigations.This guide describesmethods to develop discriminatory information using an effi-cient and reasonable order of testing.The need for validatedmethods and quality assurance guidelines is also addressed.This document is not intended as a detailed methods descrip-tion or rigid scheme for the analysis and comparison of paints,but as a guide to the strengths and limitations of each analyticalmethod.The goal is to provide a consistent approach toforensic paint analysis.1.3 This guide cannot replace knowledge,skill,or abilityacquired through appropriate education,training,and experi-ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes-sional judgment.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 Some of the methods discussed in this guide involve theuse of dangerous chemicals,temperatures,and radiationsources.This guide does not purport to address the possiblesafety hazards or precautions associated with its application.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,health,and environmental practices and determine the appli-cability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint,Related Coatings,Materials,andApplicationsD1535 Practice for Specifying Color by the Munsell SystemE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE SystemE1492 Practice for Receiving,Documenting,Storing,andRetrieving Evidence in a Forensic Science LaboratoryE2808 Guide for Microspectrophotometry and Color Mea-surement in Forensic Paint AnalysisE2809 Guide for Using Scanning Electron Microscopy/X-Ray Spectrometry in Forensic Paint ExaminationsE2937 Guide for Using Infrared Spectroscopy in ForensicPaint Examinations3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guideother than those listed in 3.2,see Terminology D16.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 additive(modifier)any substance added in a smallquantity to improve properties.Additives can include sub-stances such as driers,corrosion inhibitors,catalysts,ultravio-let absorbers,plasticizers,etc.3.2.2 bindera non-volatile portion of a paint which servesto bind or cement the pigment particles together.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on ForensicSciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.Current edition approved Feb.15,2018.Published February 2018.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1610 17.DOI:10.1520/E1610-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 3.2.3 coatinga generic term for paint,lac