Designation:E1588−10´1StandardGuideforGunshotResidueAnalysisbyScanningElectronMicroscopy/EnergyDispersiveX-RaySpectrometry1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationE1588;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.´1NOTE—Sections7.1.5.2and7.2.1.2wereeditoriallycorrectedinJuly2010.1.Scope1.1Thisguidecoverstheanalysisofgunshotresidue(GSR)byscanningelectronmicroscopy/energy-dispersiveX-rayspectrometry(SEM/EDS)bymanualandautomatedmethods.Theanalysismaybeperformedmanually,withtheoperatormanipulatingthemicroscopecontrolsandtheEDSsystemsoftware,orinanautomatedfashion,wheresomeamountoftheanalysisiscontrolledbypre-setsoftwarefunctions.1.2Sincesoftwareandhardwareformatsvaryamongcom-mercialsystems,guidelineswillbeofferedinthemostgeneraltermspossible.Forproperterminologyandoperation,consulttheSEM/EDSsystemmanualsforeachsystem.1.3ThevaluesstatedinSIunitsaretoberegardedasstandard.Nootherunitsofmeasurementareincludedinthisstandard.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappro-priatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplica-bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.2.SummaryofPractice2.1Fromthetotalpopulationofparticlescollected,thosethataredetectedbySEMtobewithinthelimitsofcertainparameters(forexample,atomicnumber,size,orshape)areanalyzedbyEDS(1-3).2Typically,particlescomposedofhighmeanatomicnumberelementsaredetectedbytheirSEMbackscatteredelectronsignalsandanEDSspectrumisob-tainedfromeach.TheEDSspectrumisevaluatedforconstitu-entelementsthatmayidentifytheparticleasbeingconsistentwithorcharacteristicofGSR,orboth.3.SignificanceandUse3.1ThisdocumentwillbeofusetoforensiclaboratorypersonnelwhoareinvolvedintheanalysisofGSRsamplesbySEM/EDS(4).3.2SEM/EDSanalysisofGSR...
