ASTM_E_1340_-_05_2010.pdf

Designation:E134005(Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Guide forRapid Prototyping of Information Systems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1340;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers a rapid prototyping method fordeveloping information systems that is particularly relevant tosystems for the healthcare sector.Intended readers of this guideare people who develop information systems,and students andteachers of system development methods.1.2 Rapid prototyping is an approach to developing infor-mation systems which produce a working model more quicklythan conventional approaches.Where conventional methodsconcentrate on preparing Requirements and design documentsthat describe the needed system,rapid prototyping methodsconcentrate on preparing a working prototype.Users anddevelopers learn the functional requirements and an appropri-ate system design by interacting with a series of prototypes,each of which is rapidly produced from a starting framework orfrom an earlier version.A prototype can evolve into anoperational system,it can serve as an exact behavioral speci-fication of an operational system,or it can be used to explorethe feasibility of a new idea or design which can be incorpo-rated in a larger system.The method is rapid in preparing eachversion of the prototype,but the overall time required forsystem development may be more or less than the timerequired with conventional methods.1.3 Rapid prototyping is most appropriate when the Re-quirements or design for a system are not well understood,orwhen experimentation is required to explore some aspect ofsystem behavior.It is not appropriate in hazardous settings,orwhen the requirements are well understood.1.4 The guide recommends use of prototyping tools,but it isnot a standard for the tools themselves.It does not coverexecutable specification tools.Transforming a prototype that isused to clarify Requirements into an operational system isdiscussed briefly in Section 8 and in detail in other referencedstandards(see 2.1).1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ANSI Standards:ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A Ada Programming Language2ANSI X3.9 Programming Language FORTRAN2ANSI X3.159 Programming Language C2ANSI/X11.1 MUMPS Programming Language2ANSI/IEEE 610.12 Glossary of Software Engineering Ter-minology2ANSI/IEEE 770 X3.97 Pascal Programming Language2ANSI/IEEE 830 Recommended Practice for Software Re-quirement Specifications3ANSI/IEEE 1016 Recommended Practice for Software De-sign Descriptions3ANSI/IEEE 1058 Standard for Software Project Manage-ment Plans3ANSI/IEEE 1059 Guide for Software Verification and Vali-dation Plans3ANSI/IEEE 1063 User Documentation for Computer Soft-ware3ANSI/IEEE 1074 Software Life Cycle Processes32.2 ISO Standards:IS 12207 Information Technology-Software Life Cycle Pro-cessesIS 15288 System Life Cycle ProcessesIS 15440 Guide for Life Cycle ProcessesIS 11756 MUMPS Programming Language3.Terminology3.1 Definitions3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to information sys-tems,refer to ANDIP4and ANSI/IEEE 610.12.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E31 on HealthcareInformatics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E31.25 on HealthcareData Management,Security,Confidentiality,and Privacy.Current edition approved March 1,2010.Published August 2010.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as E134005.DOI:10.1520/E1340-05R10.2Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.3Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,Inc.(IEEE),445 Hoes Ln.,P.O.Box 1331,Piscataway,NJ 08854-1331,http:/www.ieee.org.4American National Dictionary for Information Processing Systems,Informa-tion Processing Systems Technical Report X3/TR-1-82,Dow Jones-Irwin,Home-wood,IL.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.2 fourth generation language,na high-level computerlanguage that incorporates data structures and procedures for aspecific problem domain.3.1.3 prototype,nan original or model from which asystem is copied.3.1.4 prototype,vto create an original or model.3.1.5 prototyping,nthe activities that create an original ormodel.3.1.6 rapid prototyping,nan iterative method for devel-oping prototypes of components,subsystems,or completecomputerized systems,in which the time between successiveve