ASTM_E_1542_-_10.pdf

Designation:E154210Standard TerminologyRelating to Occupational Health and Safety1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1542;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The terms in this standard are used in the fields ofoccupational health and of safety.The terms are used todescribe the limits of exposure under different conditions,themeanings of terms used in describing events and the types ofitems measured.They will commonly be used to express theeffect of an event or the limit of a chemical exposure on humanbeings.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E591 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Ozone(Withdrawn 1990)3E752 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Carbon Disulfide(With-drawn 1995)3E848 Guide for Safety and Health Requirements Relating toOccupational Exposure to Water-Insoluble ChromatesE849 Practice for Safety and Health Requirements Relatingto Occupational Exposure to Asbestos(Withdrawn 1991)3E1132 Practice for Health Requirements Relating to Occu-pational Exposure to Respirable Crystalline SilicaE1156 Practice for Health Requirements for OccupationalExposure to Synthetic Amorphous Silica(Withdrawn1999)3E2523 Terminology for Metalworking Fluids and Opera-tions3.Terminology3.1 Health and safety terms specific to metalworking fluidsand the metalworking environment are found in TerminologyE2523.3.2 Generic Terms and their Definitions:3.2.1 ceiling limitan exposure which shall not be ex-ceeded during any part of the workday.If instantaneousmonitoring is not feasible,then the ceiling limit shall beassessed as a 15-min time-weighted average exposure whichshall not be exceeded at any time over a working day except forsubstances which cause immediate irritation upon short expo-sure.3.2.2 occupational exposure limit XXXXX,“generic”themaximum time weighted average(TWA)concentration towhich nearly all workers may be repeatedly subjected for anormal 8-to 10-h workday,40-h workweek without knownadverse health effects.3.2.3 short-term exposure limit(STEL)the 15-min time-weighted average exposure which shall not be exceeded at anytime during a work day,even if the Occupational ExposureLimit is not exceeded.Exposures above the OccupationalExposure Limit up to the STEL should not be longer than 15min and should not occur more than 4 times per day.Theminimum interval between these exposures should be 60 min.3.2.3.1 DiscussionThe phrase“nearly all workers”onlyexcludes those who are hyper-sensitive to substance exposureor who have known medical conditions which may be aggra-vated by substance exposure.Thus most workers are includedin the group in which no adverse health effects are expected.The phrase“a normal 8 to 10 h workday,40-h workweek”refers to the type of work being done,that is,what is usuallydone from one week to the next or one day to the next.It doesnot refer to length of working time as being the majorconsideration.The following specified periods of time must be addressedeither by determining a value or by stating the“time”is notaddressed:a)workday(number of hours specified)b)workweek(number of hours specified)c)lifetime(that is,cumulative)d)very short term maximum(for example,short-termexposure limit,ceiling,etc.)Other specified periods of time may be addressed.3.3 Terminology Based on Existing E34 Standards:3.3.1 occupational exposure limit to asbestosthe maxi-mum time weighted average(TWA)number of asbestiformfibers to which nearly all workers may be repeatedly subjected1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E34 onOccupational Health and Safetyand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE34.01 on Terminology.Current edition approved Aug.1,2010.Published September 2010.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1542-93(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1542-10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 over a normal day or a 40-h week and the peak number ofasbestiform fibers to which an individual may be subjectedduring 15 min or less,without known adverse health effects.Lifetime exposure is based on 99%probability of protectingall workers from acquiring clinically significant disease for aworking life of 50 years.E8493.3.2 occupational exposure limit to carbon disulfidethemaximum time weighted average(TWA)of carbon disulfide