ASTM_E_1109_-_86_2009.pdf

Designation:E110986(Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forDetermining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method determines the bulk density of variousfractions from the resource recovery processing of municipalsolid waste.It is intended as a means of characterizing suchfractions and for providing data useful to designers of solidwaste processing plants.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precau-tionary information is given in Section 7.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C702 Practice for Reducing Samples ofAggregate to TestingSizeD75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesE689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron CastingsE1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput ofResource-Recovery Unit Operations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bulk densitythe mass per unit volume of particulatematter.Bulk density is not an absolute material property as isthe density of individual particles of a material.The bulkdensity depends on the size of the container and how thematerial is loaded into the container.For example,the bulkdensity of material placed loosely in a container will be lessthan that of material tamped into a container.Also,somematerials placed loosely in a container will settle with time dueto its own weight;thus,its bulk density will increase.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubicalcontainer of known volume and then weighed.Bulk density iscalculated from the weight of the contents and volume of thecontainer.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solidwaste in processing facilities;a property that characterizes thesolid waste streams and hence the operation of resourcerecovery separators and processors.5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the designof materials handling equipment,separators,and processors.6.Apparatus6.1 BalanceAbalance or scale accurate within 0.1%of thetest load at any point within the range of use.The range of useshall be considered to extend from the weight of the measureempty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.6.2 Cubical Measure,with internal dimensions approxi-mately 60 by 60 by 60 cm(24 by 24 by 24 in.)provided withhandles.The interior surfaces of the measure shall be nonab-sorbent to moisture.NOTE1A satisfactory weigh box has been constructed of34in.(1.9cm)exterior grade plywood with the finished surface on the inside.Reinforcing strips,approximately 5 cm(2 in.)wide and 1.3 cm(12in.)thick were fastened to the outside walls;two of them in a way to providehandles.6.3 Larger cubical weigh boxes shall be used as necessary toaccommodate large particles of material.No particle largerthan two-thirds the length,height,or width of the weigh boxshall be put into the weigh box in determining the bulk density.7.Precautions7.1 This procedure calls for the handling of solid waste andits processed fractions.Because the origin of all the materialsis generally unknown,workers must use proper safety precau-tions when handling samples.Workers shall wear gloves andsafety glasses.When appropriate,dust masks shall be worn.Workers must be cautioned to wash their hands thoroughlybefore eating or smoking.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept.1,2009.Published November 2009.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E110986(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1109-86R09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 8.Sampling8.1 Sample shall be obtained from the processor streams orseparator output streams in accordance with 11.1,Test MethodE1107,and shall constitute the gross sample.8.2 The amount of material in each sample shall conform tothe requirements of Table 1,Practice D75,except that samplesof material with greater than 90 mm(312in.)maximumnominal size shall weigh not less than 250 kg(550 lb).9.Sample Preparation9.1 Prepare and test the samples as soon as practicable with