ASTM_D_9_-_12.pdf

Designation:D912Standard Terminology Relating toWood and Wood-Based Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D9;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe definitions contained herein constitute a lexicon of terms of general interest.Definitions inmore specialized wood product or process use will be found in other standards.These include PracticeD245,Terminology D907,Terminology D1038,Nomenclature D1165,Terminology D1554,Termi-nology F547,Practice D2555,and Terminology C274.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitionsessential for the business of Committee D07.1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommit-tee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions forinclusion in this terminology.1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected ifthey are in general use in the conduct of the standards overwhich D07 has jurisdiction.1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrialor technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-basedproducts are not included.1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to asingle D07 standard and defined therein or generally under-stood or adequately defined in other readily available sourcesmay not be included in this terminology.1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for whichCommittee D07 is responsible,it is included in this terminol-ogy only when judged an essential term by SubcommitteeD07.91.1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-mation included in discussion notes.1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years;the year of last review is appended.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich ConstructionsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-woodsD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel MaterialsD2016 Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood(Withdrawn 1987)3D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength ValuesF547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials3.Terminologyallowable propertiesmechanical properties of materials asprepared for design use.DISCUSSIONAllowable properties of wood are identified with stress-grade descriptions and reflect the orthotropic structure of wood.Oftenconsidered synonymous with allowable unit stresses,working stresses,and design stresses.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.91 on Terminology andEditorial.Current edition approved Oct.15,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1907.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D9 09AE01.DOI:10.1520/D0009-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 American Softwood Lumber Standarda voluntary productstandard of the U.S.Department of Commerce which servesas a basis for the preparation and revision of industry-sponsored grading rules for lumber.American standard lumberlumber conforming to the basicprovisions of the American Softwood Lumber Standard.annual ringthe growth layer produced by the tree in a singlegrowth year,including earlywood and latewood.bark pocketthe layer of a tree outside the cambium com-prising the inner bark and the outer bark.bark productan opening between annual growth rings thatcontains bark.DISCUSSIONBark pockets appear as dark streaks on radial surfacesand as rounded areas on tangential surfaces.inner barkthe layer of living bark(phloem)that separatesthe outer bark from the cambium and which in the living treegenerally is moist and soft.outer barkthe layer of dead bark outside the inner bark,forming the exterior surface of the tree stem.DISCUSSIONThe outer bark frequently is corky and dry.basic stress(archaic)the term once used for an allowableproperty for clear,straight-grained lumber.battena narrow strip of lumber for covering the adjoiningedges of roofing or siding,often designated as“batts.”board foota unit of measurement represented by a board 1 ftlong,1 ft wide,and 1 in.thick(abbreviation:ft.b.m.,bd.ft.,fmb).DISCUSSIONIn finished or surfaced lumber,the board-foot measureis based