ASTM_E_1000_-_16.pdf

Designation:E100016Standard Guide forRadioscopy1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1000;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide is for tutorial purposes only and to outline thegeneral principles of radioscopic imaging.1.2 This guide describes practices and image quality mea-suring systems for real-time,and near real-time,nonfilmdetection,display,and recording of radioscopic images.Theseimages,used in materials examination,are generated bypenetrating radiation passing through the subject material andproducing an image on the detecting medium.Although thedescribed radiation sources are specifically X-ray and gamma-ray,the general concepts can be used for other radiationsources such as neutrons.The image detection and displaytechniques are nonfilm,but the use of photographic film as ameans for permanent recording of the image is not precluded.NOTE1For information purposes,refer to Terminology E1316.1.3 This guide summarizes the state of radioscopic technol-ogy prior to the advent of Digital Detector Arrays(DDAs),which may also be used for radioscopic imaging.For asummary of DDAs,see E2736,Standard Guide for DigitalDetector Array Radiology.It should be noted that somedetector configurations listed herein have similar foundationsto those described in Guide E2736.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific safetyprecautionary statements,see Section 6.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E747 Practice for Design,Manufacture and Material Group-ing Classification of Wire Image Quality Indicators(IQI)Used for RadiologyE1025 Practice for Design,Manufacture,and MaterialGrouping Classification of Hole-Type Image Quality In-dicators(IQI)Used for RadiologyE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1742 Practice for Radiographic ExaminationE2002 Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpnessand Basic Spatial Resolution in Radiography and Radios-copyE2736 Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiology2.2 National Council on Radiation Protection and Measure-ment(NCRP)Standards:NCRP 49Structural Shielding Design and Evaluation forMedical Use of X-rays and Gamma Rays of Energies upto 10 MeV3NCRP 51Radiation Protection Design Guidelines for0.1100 MeV Particle Accelerator Facilities3NCRP 91,(supercedes NCRP 39)Recommendations onLimits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiation32.3 Federal Standard:Fed.Std.No.21-CFR 1020.40 Safety Requirements forCabinet X-Ray Machines42.4 Aerospace Industries Association Document:NAS 410 Certification&Qualification of NondestructiveTest Personnel52.5 ASNT Documents:6SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification in Nondestructive TestingANSI/ASNT-CP-189 ASNT Standard for Qualification andCertification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.6 CEN Documents:7EN 4179 Aerospace SeriesQualification and Approval ofPersonel for Non-Destructive Testing1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.01 on Radiology(X and Gamma)Method.Current edition approved Dec.1,2016.Published January 2017.Originallyapproved in 1989.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E1000-98(2009).DOI:10.1520/E1000-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from NCRP Publications,7010 Woodmont Ave.,Suite 1016,Bethesda,MD 20814.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk,Bldg.4 Section D,700Robbins Ave.,Philadelphia,PA 19111-5094,Attn:NPODS.5Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America,Inc.(AIA),1000Wilson Blvd.,Suite 1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.6Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Box28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,http:/www.asnt.org.7Available from CEN-European Committee for Standardization,Rue De Stassart36,Bruxelles,Belgium B-1050,http:/www.cen.euCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 2.7 ISO Do