ASTM_D_972_-_16.pdf

Designation:D97216Standard Test Method forEvaporation Loss of Lubricating Greases and Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D972;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the loss inmass by evaporation of lubricating greases and oils forapplications where evaporation loss is a factor.Evaporationloss data can be obtained at any temperature in the range from100 C to 150 C(210 F to 300 F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate,Sheet,and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD2595 Test Method for Evaporation Loss of LubricatingGreases Over Wide-Temperature RangeE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 lubricating grease,na semi-fluid to solid product ofa thickener in a liquid lubricant.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe dispersion of the thickener forms atwo-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant bysurface tension and other physical forces.Other ingredients arecommonly D217 included to impart special properties.3.1.2 thickener,nin lubricating grease,a substance com-posed of finely divided particles dispersed in a liquid to formthe products structure.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThickeners can be fibers(such as vari-ous metallic soaps)or plates or spheres(such as certainnon-soap thickeners),which are insoluble or,at most,only veryslightly soluble in the liquid lubricant.The general require-ments are that the solid particles are extremely small,uni-formly dispersed,and capable of forming a relatively stable,gel-like structure with the D217 liquid lubricant.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The weighed sample of lubricant in an evaporation cellis placed in a bath maintained at the desired test temperature.Heated air is passed over its surface for 22 h.The evaporationloss is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample.5.Significance and Use5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils canadversely effect the original performance characteristics of alubricant and therefore could be a significant factor in evalu-ating a lubricant for a specific use.Such volatiles can also beconsidered contaminants in the environment in which thelubricant is to be used.Correlation between results from thistest method and service performance has not been established.5.2 The test can be run at any agreed upon temperaturebetween 100 C and 150 C(210 F to 300 F).NOTE1The specified flow of air,2.58 g min 6 0.02 g min,(2 L minat standard temperature and pressure),assumes dry air.It is not known thatthe original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this canbe a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed.Adew point of lessthan 10 C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.NOTE2To determine evaporation loss at temperatures above 150 C(300 F),see Test Methods D2595.6.Apparatus6.1 Evaporation Cell,(Fig.1)as described in Annex A1.6.2 Air Supply System,capable of supplying to the cell therequired flow of air free of entrained particles.A 400 mm1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.G0.03 on Physical Tests.Current edition approved April 1,2016.Published May 2016.Originallyapproved in 1948.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D972 02(2008).DOI:10.1520/D0972-16.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1(16 in.)length of 25 mm(1 in.)diameter pipe packed withglass wool has been found satisfactory for filtering the air.6.3 Oil Bath,shown in Fig.1a and described in Annex A1.NOTE3Other constant-temperature baths may be used if they areequivalent in heat capacity and thermal grad