Designation:D93−20Designation:34/99StandardTestMethodsforFlashPointbyPensky-MartensClosedCupTester1ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD93;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginaladoptionor,inthecaseofrevision,theyearoflastrevision.Anumberinparenthesesindicatestheyearoflastreapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(´)indicatesaneditorialchangesincethelastrevisionorreapproval.ThisstandardhasbeenapprovedforusebyagenciesoftheU.S.DepartmentofDefense.INTRODUCTIONThisflashpointtestmethodisadynamictestmethodwhichdependsonspecifiedratesofheatingtobeabletomeettheprecisionofthetestmethod.Therateofheatingmaynotinallcasesgivetheprecisionquotedinthetestmethodbecauseofthelowthermalconductivityofsomematerials.Thereareflashpointtestmethodswithslowerheatingratesavailable,suchasTestMethodD3941(forpaints,resins,andrelatedproducts,andhighviscosityproductsintherangeof0°Cto110°C),wherethetestconditionsareclosertoequilibrium.Flashpointvaluesareafunctionoftheapparatusdesign,theconditionoftheapparatusused,andtheoperationalprocedurecarriedout.Flashpointcanthereforeonlybedefinedintermsofastandardtestmethod,andnogeneralvalidcorrelationcanbeguaranteedbetweenresultsobtainedbydifferenttestmethods,orwithtestapparatusdifferentfromthatspecified.1.Scope*1.1Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationoftheflashpointofpetroleumproductsinthetemperaturerangefrom40°Cto370°CbyamanualPensky-Martensclosed-cupapparatusoranautomatedPensky-Martensclosed-cupapparatus,andthedeterminationoftheflashpointofbiodieselinthetemperaturerangeof60°Cto190°CbyanautomatedPensky-Martensclosedcupapparatus.NOTE1—Flashpointdeterminationsabove250°Ccanbeperformed,however,theprecisionhasnotbeendeterminedabovethistemperature.Forresidualfuels,precisionhasnotbeendeterminedforflashpointsabove100°C.Theprecisionofin-uselubricatingoilshasnotbeendetermined.SomespecificationsstateaD93minimumflashpointbelow40°C,however,theprecisionhasnotbeendeterminedbelowthistemperature.1.2ProcedureAisapplicabletodistillatefu...
