ASTM_E_1131_-_08_2014.pdf

Designation:E113108(Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forCompositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1131;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method provides a general technique incorpo-rating thermogravimetry to determine the amount of highlyvolatile matter,medium volatile matter,combustible material,and ash content of compounds.This test method will be usefulin performing a compositional analysis in cases where agreedupon by interested parties.1.2 This test method is applicable to solids and liquids.1.3 The temperature range of test is typically room tempera-ture to 1000C.Composition between 1 and 100 weight%ofindividual components may be determined.1.4 This test method utilizes an inert and reactive gasenvironment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard is related ISO 11358 but is more detailedand specific.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3172 Practice for Proximate Analysis of Coal and CokeE473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1582 Practice for Calibration of Temperature Scale forThermogravimetryE2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-gravimetric Analyzers2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 11358 Plastics-Thermogravimetry(TG)of Polymers General Principles3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Many of the technical terms used in this test methodare defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 highly volatile mattermoisture,plasticizer,residualsolvent or other low boiling(200C or less)components.3.2.2 medium volatile mattermedium volatility materialssuch as oil and polymer degradation products.In general,thesematerials degrade or volatilize in the temperature range 200 to750C.3.2.3 combustible materialoxidizable material not volatile(in the unoxidized form)at 750C,or some stipulated tempera-ture dependent on material.Carbon is an example of such amaterial.3.2.4 ashnonvolatile residues in an oxidizing atmospherewhich may include metal components,filler content or inertreinforcing materials.3.2.5 mass loss plateaua region of a thermogravimetriccurve with a relatively constant mass.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is an empirical technique using ther-mogravimetry in which the mass of a substance,heated at acontrolled rate in an appropriate environment,is recorded as afunction of time or temperature.Mass loss over specifictemperature ranges and in a specific atmosphere provide acompositional analysis of that substance.5.Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in quality control,material screening,and related problem solving where a1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calo-rimetry and Mass Loss.Current edition approved March 15,2014.Published April 2014.Originallyapproved in 1986.Last previous edition approved in 2008 as E1131 08.DOI:10.1520/E1131-08R14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,CP 56,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 compositional analysis is desired or a comparison can be madewith a known material of the same type.5.2 The parameters described should be considered asguidelines.They may be altered to suit a particular analysis,provided the changes are noted in the report.5.3 The proportion of the determined components in a givenmixture or blend may indicate specific quality or end useperformance characteristics.Particular examples include thefollowing:5.3.1 Increasing soot(carbon)content of used diesel lubri-cating oils indicates decreasing effectiveness.5.3.2 Specific carbon-to-polymer ratio ranges are requiredin some elastomeric and plastic parts in order to achievedesired mechanical strength and stability.5.3.3 Some filled