ASTM_D_945_-_22.pdf

Designation:D94522Standard Test Methods forRubber Properties in Compression or Shear(MechanicalOscillograph)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D945;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the use of the Yerzley me-chanical oscillograph for measuring mechanical properties ofrubber vulcanizates in the generally small range of deformationthat characterizes many technical applications.These proper-ties include resilience,dynamic modulus,static modulus,kinetic energy,creep,and set under a given force.Measure-ments in compression and shear are described.2,31.2 The test is applicable primarily,but not exclusively,tomaterials having static moduli at the test temperature such thatforces below 2 MPa(280 psi)in compression or 1 MPa(140 psi)in shear will produce 20%deformation,and havingresilience such that at least three complete cycles are producedwhen obtaining the damped oscillatory curve.The range maybe extended,however,by use of supplementary masses andrefined methods of analysis.Materials may be compared eitherunder comparable mean stress or mean strain conditions.1.3 Computerized data acquisition systems and data evalu-ation methods for Yerzley Mechanical Oscillograph are in-cluded The mechanical portion of the oscillograph remains thesame.In the computerized type(digital data acquisition andrecording),the mechanical recording mechanism has beenreplaced with a displacement transducer and digital dataacquisition system,by which the required calculations are suchthat the results are available immediately and recorded in realtime.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For a specific warning see 12.14.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D832 Practice for Rubber Conditioning For Low Tempera-ture TestingD1207 Recommended Practice for Classifying ElastomericCompounds for Resilient Automotive Mountings(With-drawn 1971)5D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD5992 Guide for Dynamic Testing of Vulcanized Rubberand Rubber-Like Materials Using Vibratory Methods2.2SAE Standard:SAE J16 Classification of Elastomer Compounds for Auto-motive Resilient Mountings6,73.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 onRubber and Rubber-like Materials and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD11.10 on Physical Testing.Current edition approved June 1,2022.Published July 2022.Originally approvedin 1948.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D945 16.DOI:10.1520/D0945-22.2A survey of some aspects of hysteresis and modulus in dynamic performanceof polymers is available in a paper by Payne,A.R.,“The Role of Hysteresis inPolymers,”Rubber Journal,January 1964,p.36.3One method of correlating fundamental data from theYerzley oscillograph withdynamic tests at constant amplitude is described by Baldwin,F.P.,in his paper,“Determination of the Dynamic Properties of Rubberlike Materials by Means of aModified Yerzley Oscillograph,”The Rubber Age,April 1950.4For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.5The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.6Available from Society of Automotive Engineers,400 Commonwealth Drive,Warrendale,PA 15096.7The Yerzley oscillograph was originally described in detail in the paper byYerzley,F.L.,“A Mechanical Oscillograph for Routine Tests of Rubber andRubber-Like Materials,”Proceedings,ASTM,Vol 39,1939,p.1180;also RubberChemistry and Technology,Vol XIII,No.1,January 1940,p.149.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with interna