ASTM_D_94_-_07_2012e1.pdf

Designation:D9407(Reapproved 2012)1Designation:136S1/98,136S2/99Standard Test Methods forSaponification Number of Petroleum Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D94;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1NOTEThe Research Report number in 23.1 was corrected editorially in May 2015.1.Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of theamount of constituents in petroleum products such aslubricants,additives,and transmission fluids that will saponifyunder the conditions of the test.NOTE1Statements defining this test and its significance when appliedto electrical insulating oils of mineral origin will be found in Guide D117.Experience has shown that for transformer oils,Test Method D94,modified by use of 0.1 M KOH solution and 0.1 M HCl,is more suitable.1.1.1 Two test methods are described:Method AColorIndicatorTitration(Sections613),andMethodBPotentiometric Titration(Sections 14 23).1.2 Because compounds of sulfur,phosphorus,thehalogens,and certain other elements that are sometimes addedto petroleum products also consume alkali and acids,theresults obtained indicate the effect of these extraneous materi-als in addition to the saponifiable material present.Results onproducts containing such materials,on used internal-combustion-engine crankcase oils,and on used turbine oilsmust be interpreted with caution.NOTE2The materials referred to above,which are not normallyconsidered saponifiable matter,include inorganic or certain organic acids,most nonalkali soaps,and so forth.The presence of such materialsincreases the saponification number above that of fatty saponifiablematerials for which the test method is primarily intended.The odor ofhydrogen sulfide near the end of the back-titration in the saponificationtest is an indication that certain types of reactive sulfur compounds arepresent in the sample.In the case of other reactive sulfur,chlorine,andphosphorus compounds and other interfering materials,no simple indica-tion is given during the test.A gravimetric determination of the actualamount of fatty acids is probably the most reliable method for suchcompounds.Test Methods D128 or IP Method 284/86 can be used todetermine fatty acids gravimetrically.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.For specific hazardstatements,see Sections 6,7,8,10,15,16,17,and 19.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D117 Guide for Sampling,Test Methods,and Specificationsfor Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum OriginD128 Test Methods for Analysis of Lubricating GreaseD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assuranceand Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate AnalyticalMeasurement System PerformanceD6792 Practice for Quality System in Petroleum Productsand Lubricants Testing Laboratories2.2 Energy Institute Standards:3IP 136 Method of Test for Saponification Number of Petro-leum ProductsIP 284 Method of Test for Fatty Acids3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and are the direct responsibilityof Subcommittee D02.06 on Analysis of Liquid Fuels and Lubricants.Current edition approved Nov.1,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1921.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D9407.DOI:10.1520/D0094-07R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Institute of Petroleum,61 New Cavendish St.,London,W.I.,England.Available from Energy Institute,61 New Cavendish St.,London,WIG7AR,U.K.,http:/www.energyinst.org.uk.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.1 saponification number,nthe number of milligramsof potassium hydroxide consumed by 1 g of a sample under theconditions of the test.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value of the saponification numberin these test methods can be affected by the presence of otheralkali-reactive species,as described in Note 2.3.1.2 saponify,vto hydrolyze a fat with alkali to for