ASTM_E_1004_-_09.pdf

Designation:E100409Standard Test Method forDetermining Electrical Conductivity Using theElectromagnetic(Eddy-Current)Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1004;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining theelectrical conductivity of nonmagnetic metals using the elec-tromagnetic(eddy-current)method.The procedure has beenwritten primarily for use with commercially available directreading electrical conductivity instruments.General purposeeddy-current instruments may also be used for electricalconductivity measurements but will not be addressed in thistest method.1.2 This test method is applicable to metals that have eithera flat or slightly curved surface and includes metals with orwithout a thin nonconductive coating.1.3 Eddy-current determinations of electrical conductivitymay be used in the sorting of metals with respect to variablessuch as type of alloy,aging,cold deformation,heat treatment,effects associated with non-uniform heating or overheating,and effects of corrosion.The usefulness of the examinations ofthese properties is dependent on the amount of electricalconductivity change caused by a change in the specificvariable.1.4 Electrical conductivity,when evaluated with eddy-current instruments,is usually expressed as a percentage of theconductivity of the International Annealed Copper Standard(IACS).The conductivity of the Annealed Copper Standard isdefined to be 0.58 108S/m(100%IACS)at 20C.1.5 The values stated in SI units are regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B193 Test Method for Resistivity of Electrical ConductorMaterialsE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,WithSpecified Precision,the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations2.2 ASNT Documents:Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A for Personnel Qualifi-cation and Certification In Nondestructive Testing3ANSI/ASNT-CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-cation of NDT Personnel32.3 AIA Document:NAS410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTesting Personnel43.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms relating to eddy-current examination are given in Terminology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 temperature coeffcientthe fractional or percentagechange in electrical conductivity per degree Celsius change intemperature.4.Significance and Use4.1 Absolute probe coil methods,when used in conjunctionwith reference standards of known value,provide a means fordetermining the electrical conductivity of nonmagnetic mate-rials.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 onNondestructive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.07 onElectromagnetic Method.Current edition approved May 15,2009.Published June 2009.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2002 as E1004-02.DOI:10.1520/E1004-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Box28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,http:/www.asnt.org.4Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America,Inc.(AIA),1000Wilson Blvd.,Suite 1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http:/www.aia-aerospace.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 4.2 Electrical conductivity of a sample can be used as ameans of determining:(1)type of metal or alloy,(2)type ofheat treatment(for aluminum this evaluation should be used inconjunction with a hardness examination),(3)aging of thealloy,(4)effects of corrosion,and(5)heat damage.5.Limitations5.1 The ability to accomplish the examinations included in4.2 is dependent on the conductivity change caused by thevariable of interest.If the conductivity is a strong function ofthe variable of interest,these examinations can be veryaccurate.In some cases,however,changes in conductivity dueto changes in the