ASTM_D_96_-_88_1998.pdf

Designation:D 96 88(Reapproved 1998)Designation:MPMS Chapter 10.4An American National StandardBritish Standard 4385American Association StateHighway Transportation StandardAASHTO No.T55Standard Test Method forWater and Sediment in Crude Oil by Centrifuge Method(Field Procedure)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 96;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscriptepsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This method has been approved by the sponsoring committees and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with establishedprocedures.This test method has been adopted for use by government agencies to replace Method 3003 of Federal Test Method Standard No.791b.Annex A1 is under revision and will be included in subsequent revisions to this standard.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the centrifuge method fordetermining sediment and water in crude oil during fieldcustody transfers.This test method may not always provide themost accurate results,but it is considered the most practicalmethod for field determination of sediment and water.When ahigher degree of accuracy is required,the laboratory proceduredescribed in Test Methods D 4006,D 4377 or D 473 should beused.NOTE1Water by distillation and sediment by extraction are consid-ered the most accurate methods of determining sediment and water incrude oils.As such,these methods should be employed to resolvedifferences in results from variations of this procedure or between thisprocedure and other methods,or in the case of a dispute between parties.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 235 Specification for Mineral Spirits(Petroleum Spirits)(Hydrocarbon Drycleaning Spirits)2D 362 Specification for Industrial Grade Toluene2D 473 Test Method for Sediment in Crude Oils and FuelOils by the Extraction Method3D 846 Specification for Ten-Degree Xylene2D 1209 Test Method for Color of Clear Liquids(Platinum-Cobalt Scale)2D 3699 Specification for Kerosine4D 4006 Test Method for Water in Crude Oil by Distillation4D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products4D 4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products4D 4377 Test Method for Water in Crude Oils by Potentio-metric Karl Fischer Titration4E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers5E 542 Practice for Calibration of Volumetric Ware62.2API Standards:7Manual of Petroleum Measurement StandardsChapter 8,Sampling Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsChapter 10,Sediment and Water3.Summary of Test Method3.1 Known volumes of crude oil and solvent(water satu-rated if required)are placed in a centrifuge tube and heated to60C 6 3C(140F 6 5F).After centrifugation,the volumeof the sediment-and-water layer at the bottom of the tube isread.NOTE2It has been observed that for some waxy crude oils,tempera-tures of 71C(160F)or higher may be required to melt the wax crystalscompletely so that they are not measured as sediment.If temperatureshigher than 60C(140F)are necessary to eliminate this problem,theymay be used with the consent of the parties involved.If water saturationof the solvent is required,it must be done at the same temperature.4.Significance and Use4.1 A determination of sediment and water content isrequired to determine accurately the net volumes of crude oilinvolved in sales,taxation,exchanges,inventories,and custodytransfers.An excessive amount of sediment and water in crude1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D-2 on PetroleumProducts and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.02.OB on Sediment and Water(Joint ASTM-JP).Current edition approved March 25,1988.Published December 1988.Originallypublished as D 96 63T.Last previous edition D 96 73(1984).e12Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 06.04.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 05.02.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.03.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 14.02.7Available from American Petroleum Institute,1220 L St.,Northwest,Wash-ington,DC 20005.1AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS100 Barr Harbor Dr.,West Conshohocken,PA 19428Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.Copyright ASTMoil is significant because it can cause corrosion of equipmentand problems in processing and transporting and may violatefederal,state,or municipal regulations.5.Apparatus5.1 CentrifugeA centrifuge shall be capable of spinningtwo or more centrifuge tubes at a speed that can be controlledto give a minimum relative centrifugal force of 500 at the tipof the tu