ASTM_D_937_-_07_2019.pdf

Designation:D93707(Reapproved 2019)British Standard 4698Designation:179/79(95)Standard Test Method forCone Penetration of Petrolatum1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D937;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S.Department of Defense.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers measuring with a penetrometerthe penetration of petrolatum as an empirical measure ofconsistency.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGrease3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 penetration of petrolatumthe depth,in tenths of amillimetre,that a standard cone will penetrate the sample underfixed conditions of mass,time,and temperature.3.1.2 penetrometer,nan instrument that measures theconsistency or hardness of semiliquid to semisolid materials bymeasuring the depth to which a specified cone or needle undera given force falls into the material.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn this test method,a standard pen-etrometer cone(see Test Methods D217)is used to determinethe consistency of petrolatum.The penetration force is deter-mined by the total mass of the cone and shaft.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sample is completely melted by heating to aminimum temperature of 82 C(180 F),and then cooledunder controlled conditions to 25 C(77 F).The penetration ismeasured with the cone and the sample at this temperatureusing a penetrometer by means of which a standard cone isapplied to the sample for 5 s under a load of 150 g.5.Significance and Use5.1 Petrolatum is a purified mixture of semi-solid hydrocar-bons obtained from petroleum and is often described as anunctuous mass.Cone penetration is a means of measuring thefirmness or consistency of petrolatum.Such measurements areuseful for selecting or specifying,or both,a petrolatum of aparticular consistency or firmness.Cone penetration valuesmay or may not correlate with end-use functional properties.6.Apparatus6.1 Penetrometer and Cone,as specified in Test MethodsD217.6.2 Oven,capable of maintaining a minimum temperatureof 82 C 6 2 C(180 F 6 5 F)such that it is sufficient formelting the petrolatum samples.The oven shall be capable ofcontrolling the selected temperature to within 62 C(65 F).6.3 Water Bath,constant-temperature,regulated to 25 C 60.5 C(77 F 6 1 F).6.4 Sample Containers,cylindrical,having a flat bottom100 mm 6 6 mm(4 in.614in.)in diameter and 65 mm(212in.)or more in depth,constructed of at least 1.6 mm(16 gauge)metal and provided with a well-fitting,watertightcover.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.In the IP,this test method is under the jurisdiction of the StandardizationCommittee.This test method was adopted as a joint ASTM-IP Standard in 1965.Current edition approved May 1,2019.Published June 2019.Originallyapproved in 1947.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D937 07(2012).DOI:10.1520/D0937-07R19.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 NOTE1Containers of the“ointment box”type having somewhatflexible sides should not be used,for these permit slight working of thepetrolatum,due to flexing of the sides in handling.7.Preparation of Sample7.1 Test all samples of petrolatum for original consistencyafter melting and coolin