ASME_B89.4.21.1-2020.pdf

AN ASM E TECH NICAL REPO RTASME B89.4.21.1-2020EnvironmentalEffects on Coordinate Measuring Machine MeasurementsASME B89.4.21.1-2020EnvironmentalEffectsonCoordinateMeasuring MachineMeasurementsAN ASME TECHNICAL REPORTxDate of Issuance:April 10,2020This Technical Report will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.The B89 Committee Page can be found at http:/go.asme.org/B89committee.There is an option available to automaticallyreceiveane-mailnotificationwhenerrataarepostedtoaparticularcode,standard,ortechnicalreport.Thisoptioncanbefoundon the appropriate Committee Page after selecting“Errata”in the“Publication Information”section.ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.ASME does not“approve,”“rate,”or“endorse”any item,construction,proprietary device,or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in thisdocument,anddoesnotundertaketoinsureanyoneutilizingastandardagainstliabilityforinfringementofanyapplicableletterspatent,norassumeanysuchliability.Usersofacodeorstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtherisk of infringement of such rights,is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s)or person(s)affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industryendorsement of this technical report.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME proceduresand policies,which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue,New York,NY 10016-5990Copyright 2020 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll rights reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword.vCommittee Roster.viCorrespondence With the B89 Committee.vii1Scope.12Introduction and Background.13Thermal Effects.24Nonthermal Effects.105Assessing Thermal Effects.126Assessing Vibration Effects.147Managing Thermal and Vibration Effects.168Economic Considerations.199References.20Nonmandatory AppendicesAOverview on the Use of Temperature Control for Metrology of Workpieces.22BExamples of Thermal Time Constants.23CIllumination Effects.29DThermal Theory.34EUseful Thermal Properties.41FMachine Design Considerations.43GSeismic Vibration Verification Tests.46Figures3.1-1The Effect of Increase in Temperature on Length.23.2-1Effect of Differential Expansion on Length.33.5.2-1Thermal Step Response.53.5.2-2Thermal Response of a Simple Body to Temperature Variation.63.5.2-3Differential Equation of Measuring System:Two-Element Responses.73.6.2-1Typical Thermal Cycle.86.1-1Passive and Active Isolation Systems.15B-3-1Change in Ball Bar Length as a Function of Time.25B-5-1Measured Temperature Versus Time With Calculated Values Using the Thermal Time Constant,Obtained From a Least-Squares-Error Fit to the Experimental Data.27B-5-2Estimated Soak-Out Time for a Workpiece Coming From a Shop Area at Some Temperature Into aCMM Room With a Nominal Temperature of 20C.28C-1-1Diopters as a Function of Age.30C-1-2Percent Acuity as a Function of Age.31C-2.1-1Energy Distribution of Fluorescent Lamp.32D-4-1Heat Transfer by Convection Showing Air Velocity Profile.35iiiD-4-2Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient,h,as a Function of Velocity.36D-5-1Example of Temperature Profile Within a Workpiece.37D-6-1Part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.38D-6-2View Factor Between Two Rectangular Faces.39D-6-3Values of F12for Assumed Values of the Ratio and Angle.40F-2.3-1Effect of Differential Expansion Relative to Distance Between Beam Faces.44G-8-1Diagram of Sensor Arrangement and Instrumentation Configuration.50Tables3.5.2-1Thermal Step Response Versus Number of Time Constants.54.5-1Ferrous Corrosion Development.12B-1-1Thermal Capacitance of Common Engineering Materials.23B-3-1Summary of Surface Area and Volume.25B-3-2Surface Area and Volume as a Function of Length.25B-3-3Ratios of Volume/Area as Function of Length.26D-4-1Typical Values of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient.36E-1-1Thermal Properties of Common Engineering Materials.41E-2-1Useful Conversion Factors for Thermal Properties.42ivFOREWORDThisTechnicalReportaddressestheenvironmentaleffectsonmeasurementstakenwhenusingcoordinatemeasuringmachines(CMMs).In this Report,the considered effects are those due solely to environmental effects,such as tempera-ture and vibration.Operational effects,including items such as fixturing,materials,probe considerations,and the work-piece itself,are not addressed in this document.The intent of this document is not to provide detailed solutions to specific applications,but rather to address andhighlight some items to consider when making measurements on CMMs,with the ulti