_B89_Technical_Report_1990.pdf

ASME B89 TECHNICAL REPORT.Parametric Calibrat.ion of Coordinate Measuring Machines The American Society o f Mechanical Engineers 345 East 47th Street,New York,N.Y.10017 Date of Issuance:February 6,1991 No part of this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without prior written permission of the publisher.Copyright 0 1991 by All Rights Reserved Printed in U.S.A.THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS-FOREWORD This Technical Report was written by Task Force L-Pararnetrics,ASME Working Group 689.1.12,Coordinate Measuring Machines.Methods for Performance Evaluation of Coordinate Measuring Machines,ANSI/ASME B89.1.12M-1985,recognizes that more-complex mcthods than those of the Stan-.dard may be appropriate for some applications.The intent of this paper is to provide guidance to specification writers in those cases whcre the appropriatc more-complcx method is the method of parametric calibration.Since parametric calibration does not assess the effects of machine dynamics and probing,it should be considercd a supplement to B89.1.12 tests rather than a replacement.There are two types of appropriate applications for parametric calibration.The first includes cases where methods of the B89.1.12 Standard do not give reasonable assurance machine geometry is correct.An example is the case where a short ball bar must be used to test a machi-ne with one long axis.The second includes cases where thcre is a need to know details of machine geometry.An example is a system where the machine is used to position a photo array camera.Machines in a third category,those with parametric error correction,may generally be tested by methods of the Standard,and are outside the scope of this report.In many cases a partial parametric calibration may be appro-priate.Parametric calibration of a machine is measurement of its parametric errors.These are differences between actual and nominal positions of machine movable components.In the system of this paper,for each position of a three-axis machine there are twenty-one parametric errors.They may be mathematically combined to find the three axial components of probe tip position error.Probe tip position error is one of several deter-minants of performance as measured,for example,in the B89.1.12 linear displacement accuracy and ball bar performance tests.The report is organized into several sections.The first is the scope.The second,dealing with machine geometry,defines parametric errors in terms of an idealized example.The following five sections deal with measurements from which parametric errors can be calculated.The next section deals in a general way with processing the measured data to determine the parametric errors.The final two sections deal with terminology and references for further study.No attempt is made to be exhaustive.The intent,rather,is to pin down general principles,and to give the flavor of the work involved in a calibration.iii This page intentionally left blank.ASME 689 COMMITTEE Dimensional Metrology(The following is the roster of the Conlmittee at the time ofapproval of this Technical Report.)OFFICERS B.R.Taylor,Chairman F.G.Partons,Vice Chairman P.D.Stumpf,Secretary COMMITTEE PERSONNEL A.M.Bratkovich J.B.Bryan A.K.Chitayat J.B.Deam,Alternate W.E.Drews C.G.Erickson M.F.A.Fadl R.D.iariey M.B.Grant R.B.Hook C.W.Jatho,Alternate F.L.Jones A.A.Lindberg E.G.Loewen T.Mukaihata D.Pieczulewski L.K.Reddig E.L.Watelet W.A.Watts J.H.Worthen R.8.Zipin PERSONNEL OF TASK FORCE L-PARAMETRICS W.L.Beckwith,Chairman J.B.Bryan R.P.Callaghan T.Charlton B.R.Taylor V PERSONNEL OF WORKING GROUP 1.12-COORDINATE MEASUREMENT MACHINES(SCl/B89)R.B.Hook,Chairman W.L.Beckwith,Jr.,Secretary M.E.Algeo M.Anderson J.M.Baldwin L.Best H.Bostrom,J.B.Bryan G.Burkett R.P.Callaghan,Jr.A.Campion E.C.M.Caranfa T.Charlton,Jr.R.T.Clark A.C.Corbett Y.Coue D.J.Deer J.Deis R.Donaldson W.E.Drews D.T.Durboraw B.Edwards J.Everhart F.Farzan R.M.Fletcher M.T.Gale W.S.Gehner B.A.Graham D.M.Granrose M.B.Grant A.J.Griggs D.He G.P.Hegarty E.Helmel J.L.Henry J.R.Hicks R.J.Hocken T.H.Hopp R.W.Horning J.Hurt W.P.Kilpatrick E.M.Kloc,Jr.J.S.Lifson E.G.Loewen L.Maggiano M.L.Majlak W.McLendon D.R.McMurtry.R.C.Meek F.M.Mills K.E.Moser D.M.Moyer R.C.Newton G.Nilsson J.T.Nilsson J.P.Olson R.A.Olson D.Ott R.Parrillo D.R.Porter T.Posterick W.Randles W.H.Rasnick R.M.Roterdam,Jr.S.Roufeh R.Shelton W.G.Slavik S.%age W.J.Stegmuller J.Stroili 8.R.Taylor W.8.Taylor D.W.Thomas A.Traylor K.Ulbrich R.C.Veale R.K.Walker R.W.Waller 0.A.Wright vi CONTENTS.Foreword.111 Standards Committee Roster.v 1.0 Scope.1 2.0 Machine Geometry.1 2.1 General.1 2.2 Motion,Single Movable Component.1 2.3 Relationship Between Componcnts.2 3.0 Positioning Error Measurements.2 3.1 Generai.2 4.0 Straightness Error Measurement.4.1 General.4.2 Mechanical Straightedge.4.3 Taut Wirc.4.4 Alignment Laser.4.5 Laser Straightness Interferometer.5.0 Squareness Measurement.5.1 General.5.2 Mechanical Square.5.3 Optical Square.5.4 B