_RP_60-1995_scan.pdf

Recommended Practices for Testing High-Strength Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing Operations API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 60 SECOND EDITION,DECEMBER 1995)American _.l,PetroleumInstitute Recommended Practices for Testing High-Strength Proppants Used in Hydraulic Fracturing Operations Exploration and Production Department API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 60 SECOND EDITION,DECEMBER 1995 J)American Petroleum Institute SPECIAL NOTES API publications necessarily address problems of a general nature.With respect to particular circumstances,local,state,and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers,manufacturers,or suppliers to warn and properly train and equip their employees,and others exposed,concerning health and safety risks and precautions,nor undertaking their obligations under local,state,or federal laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to particular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer,the manufacturer or supplier of that material,or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right,by implication or otherwise,for the manufacture,sale,or use of any method,apparatus,or product covered by letters patent.Neither should anything contained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally,API standards are reviewed and revised,reaffirmed,or withdrawn at least every five years.Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle.This publication will no longer be in effect five years after its publication date as an operative API standard or,where an extension has been granted,upon republication.Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Authoring Department telephone(202)682-8000.A catalog of API publications and materials is published annually andupdated quarterly by API,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropriate notification and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard.Questions concerning the interpretation of the content of this standard or comments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the director of the Exploration and Production Department,American Petroleum Institute,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.Requests for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the director.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made by the Institute to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them;however,the Institute makes no representation,warranty,or guarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal,state,or municipal regulation with which this publication may conflict.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,sound engineering and operating practices.These standards are not intended to obviate the need for applying sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should be utilized.The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way to inhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance with the marking requirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicable requirements of that standard API does not represent,warrant,or guarantee that such products do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without prior written permission from the publisher.Contact API Publications Manager,1220 L Street,N.W.,Washington,D.C.20005.Copyright 1995 American Petroleum Institute ii CONTENTS Page 1 SCOPE.1 1.1 Scope.1 1.2 Objective.1 1.3 Test Procedures.1 2 REFERENCES.1 2.1 Standards.1 2.2 Other References.1 3 RECOMMENDED PROPPANT SAMPLING PROCEDURE.1 3.1 Description.1 3.2 Equipment.1 3.3 Recommended Number of Samples.1 3.4 Sampling(Bulle Material).2 3.5 Sampling(Sacked Material).2 4 RECOMMENDED SAMPLES HANDLING AND STORAGE.2 4.1 Sample Reduction(Sacked Material).2 4.2 Sample Splitting.4 4.3 Sample Retention and Storage.4 5 RECOMMENDED PROPPANT SIZES.4 5.1 Sieve Analysis.4 5.2 Recommended Proppant Size.56 PROPPANT SPHERICITY AND ROUNDNESS.56.1 General.56.2 Sphericity.6 6.3 Roundness.6 6.4 Recommended Sphericity and Roundness.6 6.5 Alternative Method for Determining Average Sphericity and Roundness.6 7 ACID SOLUBILITY CONSIDERATIONS.7 7.1