_RP_63-1990_scan.pdf

H-2 3-s I A P I RP*b3 90 0732290 0092688 L Recommended Practices for Evaluation of Polymers Used in Enhanced Oil Recovery Operations API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 63(RP 63)FIRST EDITION,JUNE 1,1990 American Petroleum Institute 1220 L Street,Northwest 4 1 Washington,DC 20005 Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with APINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Issued by AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE Production Department FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING TECHNICAL CONTENT OF THIS PUBLICATION CONTACT THE API PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT,SEE BACK COVER FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING HOW TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION.2535 ONE MAIN PLACE,DALLAS,TX 75202-3904-(214)748-3841.Users of this publication should become completely familiar with its scope and content.This publication is intended to supplement rather than replace individual engineering judgment.OFFICIAL PUBLICATION REG.US.PATENT OFFICE Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with APINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with APINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A P I RP*b3 90 0732290 0092693 3 I 2.5 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURES FOR LABORATORY PREPARATION OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS FROM POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL PRODUCTS.6 2.5.1 General.6 2.5.2 Recommended Procedure for Preparing Ground Gel.7 2.5.3 Recommended Mixing Procedure Stock Solution(Salt Concentrations Lower than Three Percent).7 2.5.4 Recommended Mixing Procedure Stock Solution(Salt Concentrations Higher Than Three Percent).7 2.6 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR LABORATORY PREPARATION OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS FROM POLY SACCHARIDE PRODUCTS.8 2.6.1 General.8 2.6.2 Recommended Mixing Procedure.8 PREPARATION OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS FROM SYNTHETIC LATEXPOLYMERS.9 2.7.1 General.9 2.7.2 Components for Preparation of 20.O00 ppm Stock Solution.9 2.7.3 Mixing Procedure for Preparing a 20.O00 ppm Stock Solution.9 2.7.4 Dilution of Stock Solution.9 Figure 2-1:Example Gel Polymer Dissolving Device.10 Figure 2-2:Example Gel Ploymer Equipment.11 Appendix to Section 2:Nomenclature.12 2.7 RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR LABORATORY SECTION 3 POLYMER SOLUTION RHEOLOGY AND FLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA 3.1 INTRODUCTION.13 3.1.1 General.13 3.2 EQUIPMENT FOR VISCOMETRIC TESTS.13 3.2.1 General.13 3.2.2 Field Monitoring.13 Table 3.1:Viscosity Measuring Instruments.13 3.2.3 Comparative Testing of Polymers.15 3.2.4 Research Work.15 3.3 MEASUREMENT OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES.15 3.3.1 Dissolution of Polymers.15 3.3.2 Measurement With Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer.15 3.3.3 Measurement of Screen Factor.15 Figure 3-1:Screen Factor Apparatus.16 Table 3.2:Conversion Factors for Brookfield Synchro-Lectric Viscometer Ulra Low(UL)Adapter.16 3.3.4 Measurement of Viscosity With Capillary Viscometer.17 3.3.5 Calibration of Viscometers.18 3.3.6 Procedures for Other Viscometers.18 Figure 3-2 Cannon-Fenske Routine Viscometer.19 Figure 3-3:Cannon-Ubbelohde Dilution Viscometer.19 ii Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with APINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A P I RP*b3 90=0732270 0092692 3.3.4 MEASUREMENTS OF POLYMERS AFFECTED BY FIELD PARAMETERS 20 3.4.1 General 20 3.4.2 Dependence of Viscosity on Shear Rate:3.4.3 Viscosity as a Function of Temperature:3.4.4 Effects of Salinity and Hardness on Viscosity:Apparatus and Procedure.20 Apparatus and Procedure.20 Apparatus and Procedure.20 Apparatus and Procedure.21 3.5 INTRINSIC VISCOSITIES.21 3.5.1 General.21 3.5.2 Materials and Apparatus.21 3.5.3 Procedure With Low Shear Viscometer.21 3.5.4 Procedure With Capillary Bulb Viscometer.21 3.5.5 Estimates of Viscosity-Average Molecular Weight.21 3.4.5 Effects of pH on Viscosity:Apparatus and Procedure.20 3.4.6 Relationship of Polymer Concentration and Viscosity:Table 3.3:Mark-Houwink Constants for Partially Table 3.4:Mark-Houwink Constants for Xanthan Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamides.22 Polysaccharides.22 3.6 RHEOLOGICAL MODELS.22.oaei.3.6.4 Multi-Parameter Models for Enhanced Oil I Recovery Polymers.23.3.6.7 Molecular Models.23 3.6.8 Comments on Viscometry.23 Figure 3-4:Rheological Models.24.I 3.7.2 Recommended Porous Media.25 I 3.1.4 bvre r3aculaLIvII.Liu 3.7.5 Linear Core Tests.25 27 Figure 3-5:Atmaratus for Linear Core Tests.Figure 3-6:Apparatus for Radial Core Tests.29 3.7.7 Estimating Shear Rates in Cores.31 3.7.8 Stretch Rates in Porous Media.32 Appendix to Section 3:References.33 SECTION 4 FILTERABILITY TESTING OF POLYMER SOLUTIONS 1.1 LreIleral.I 4.1.2 Solution PreDaration.34 m iii Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with APINot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-A P I RP*b3 90 W 0732290 0092b3 5 I 4.1.3 Filter Media.4.1.4 Filter Support and Tubing.4.1.5 Evaluation of R