_API_Publ_4740-2005.pdf

AmericanPetroleumInstituteIn-situ BurningA Decsion-makers Guide to In-situ BurningRegulatory Analysis and Scientific AffairsPUBLICATION NUMBER 4740APRIL 2005IN-SITU BURNINGA DECISION-MAKERS GUIDE TO/N-S/TU BURNINGRegulatory and Scientific Affairs DepartmentAPI PUBLICATION 4740PREPARED UNDER CONTRACT BY:J.MICHELRESEARCH PLANNING.INC.COLUMBIA,SOUTH CAROLINAANDD.SCHOLZ,S.R.WARREN JR.,AND A.H.WALKER,SCIENTIFIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSOCIATES,INC.CAPE CHARLES,VIRGINIAFOREWORDAPI publications necessarily address problems of a general nature,with respect to particular circumstances,local,state,and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers,manufacturers,or suppliers to warn and properly train andequip their employees,and others exposed,concerning health and safety risks and precautions,nor undertaking theirobligations under local,state,or federal laws.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right,by implication or otherwise,for themanufacture,sale or use of any method,apparatus,or product covered by letters patent.Neither should anythingcontained in the publication be construed as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.API publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made by the Institute to assure theaccuracy and reliability of the data contained in them;however,the Institute makes no representation,warranty,orguarantee in connection with this publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss ordamage resulting from its use or for the violationAll rights reserved.No part of this work may be reproduced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,without prior written permission from the publisher.Contact the Publisher,API Publishing Services,1220 L Street.N.W.,Washington.D.C.20005.Copyright C 2005 American Petroleum InstituteiiiTABLE OF CONTENTSPhotograph Credits.Foreword.iiOverview.vijjSection I.Introduction.Purpose of This Booklet.Section II.Oil Chemistry Review.4What is Oil?.4Behavior and Weathering Effects.How Does Burning Change the Oil?.8Section III.In-situ Burning.9What is It?9Ignition Sources.9How is In-sit Burning Conducted?.10On Water10Oil Thickness Requirements.10Equipment Requirements.11Operational Guidelines.11Health and Safety.12On Land.12Oil Thickness Requirements.13Equipment Requirements.13Operational Guidelines.13Health and Safety.14Why You Use In-situ Burning?.14How Does Weathering of Oil Affect Potential ISB Issues?.15Section IV.When to Consider In-situ Burning.16When to Consider In-situ Burning on Water.16What are the Optimal Site Conditions For Considering Use Of In-situ Burning0 n Water?.18When to Consider In-situ Burning on Land.20What Are The Optimal Site Conditions For Considering Use Of In-situ BurningOn Land?.21Additional Considerations.23Impacts to Plants from the High Temperatures Present During In-situ Burning.23