基于话轮转换理论的“I am Groot”的语用效果英语教学专业.docx

摘要  《银河护卫队》系列电影是漫威公司设立在银河系背景下的科幻电影，在全球范围内取得了非常成功的票房成绩，在两部电影中，充满了奇形怪状的生物，但是在整整两部电影之中，最受欢迎的角色之一 “Groot”只有一句台词——“I am Groot”。我认为，“I am Groot”这句台词在电影中起到非常重要的作用。 本文以 Sacks的话轮转换理论基础，在前人对话轮转换及对电影台词语料分析的基础上，对两部电影中所有包含“I am Groot”的对话进行定量和定性分析。进行定量分析是为了更好的记录“I am Groot”的出现次数，及在对话中的所占比例，进而总结出“I am Groot”的特点，其次，对其进行定性分析是为了研究“I am Groot”如何体现出语用效果，从而进一步的解释这句台词共有多少种语用效果。 通过分析发现，“I am Groot”在两部电影中具有回应他人，表达情感，协商条件，增进感情，表示赞同的语用效果。  而且，我们得到了两点结论。首先，当“I am Groot”在规则1（a）下参加话轮转换时，Groot对整个话轮转换进程没有任何影响，在两篇电影中，“I am Groot”产生了“回应他人”“增进感情”和“拒绝他人”的语用效果。其次，当“I am Groot”在规则1（b）下参加环论转换时，Groot多多少少会对话轮转换过程产生影响：当“I am Groot”产生“解释原因”语用效果时，Groot对话轮转换进程的影响极大，基本上是引领者话轮转换；当它产生“协商条件”的语用效果时，Groot 的影响就相对小了些，只是改变了话轮转换的趋势；当它产生“表示赞同”的语用效果时，Groot对整个进程没有任何影响。  在电影史中，Groot 是独一无二的电影角色，这个角色的设立非常成功，这句唯一的台词起了很大的作用。所以，研究出 “I am Groot” 的语用效果不仅会使我们能更好的理解为什么Groot就凭借仅一句台词就能在观众的心中留下深刻的印象，而且为以后的学者对话轮转换理论的应用及电影台词的分析拓展和提供思路，并帮助电影编剧更好的通过话轮转换来更好的塑造一个令人印象深刻的角色。同时，《银河护卫队》是一个系列电影，将来还会有第三部第四部等等，所以，本文抛砖引玉，希望引起广泛学者来研究，不断的完善和丰富我的研究成果。  关键词：话轮转换; 语用效果; “I am Groot”  Abstract  The "Guardian of the Galaxy" series is a science fiction film set up by Marvel's company in the context of the Milky Way. It has achieved very successful box office results worldwide. In both movies, it is full of grotesque creatures, but it is in two full movies. Among them, one of the most popular characters "Groot" has only one line - "I am Groot". I think the line "I am Groot" plays a very important role in the movie. Based on Sacks' turn-taking theory, and the turn-taking theory of previous studies and the analysis of the movie materials, this paper makes a quantitative and qualitative analysis of all dialogues including "I am Groot" in the two films. The purpose of quantitative analysis is to better record the number of occurrences of "I am Groot" and the proportion of them in the dialogue, and then summarize the characteristics of "I am Groot". Second, qualitative analysis is to study how “I am Groot” expresses pragmatic effect and then further explain how many pragmatic effects in this line. Through analysis, in two films，it was found that "I am Groot" has the pragmatic effect of “responding to others”, “expressing emotions”, “bargaining conditions”, “improving relationships”, “rejecting” and “approving”. So, we conclude two conclusions.Firstly, when “I am Groot” works in rule1(a), the pragmatic effects it produces have no effect on the entire turn-taking process, so in two movies it generated “responding to others”, “improving relationships” and “rejecting” effects.Secondly, when it works in rule1(b), that means Groot uses turns to changed the process of the turn more or less. So when “I am Groot” generated the pragmatic effect of explaining reason, it will be the strongest power that Groot uses to control the turn. When it generated “bargaining conditions” effect, the power is weaker and Groot just have an impact on the process. When it generated “approving” effect, the power is weakest, Groot change anything to the process.  In the history of film, Groot is a unique movie character. The establishment of this character is very successful. This unique line has played a big role. Therefore, studying the pragmatic effects of “I am Groot” will not only give us a better understanding of why Groot will be able to impress people in the minds of the audience with only a single line of dialogue, but will also expand and create ideas of the application of turn-taking theory and the analysis of movie dialogue for future scholars, and help the film writers better through the turn-taking to better shape an impressive role. At the same time, the "Guardians of the Galaxy" is a series of movies. There will be a third and fourth part in the future, and so on. And at that time my research will not be rigorous. Therefore, this article will be initiated in the hope of attracting a wide range of scholars to study, and enrich and improve my research.  Key words：Turn-taking Theory; pragmatic effect; “I am Groot” 2  Abbreviation  T turn  List of table  Table.1 Distribution of turns in Case 1 16  Table.2 Distribution of turns in Case 2 18  Table.3 Distribution of turns in Case 3 18  Table.4 Distribution of turns in Case 4 19  Table.5 Distribution of turns in Case 5 20  Table.6 Distribution of turns in Case 6 21  Table.7 Distribution of turns in Case 7 22  Table.8 Distribution of turns in Case 8 23  Table.9 Distribution of turns in Case 9 25  Table.10 Distribution of turns in Case 10 26  Table.11 Distribution of turns in Case 11 26  Table.12 Distribution of turns in Case 12 27  Table.13 Distribution of turns in Case 13 29  4  Content  1  摘要 1  Abstract 2  Abbreviation 3  List of table 4  Content 5  Chapter 1 Introduction 7  1.1 Background of the study 7  1.2 Objectives of the study 7  1.3 Outline of the thesis 7  Chapter 2 Literature Review 9  2.1 A review of previous related studies on the theory of turn-taking 9  2.2 A review of previous related studies abroad 10  2.3 A rev