2023年unit1《friends》知识讲解牛津英语八年级上doc初中英语.docx

牛津英语8AUnit 1 知识讲解（2） 重点讲解 His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks. 他的双腿很长，放在桌子底下不舒服. fit动词，过去式和过去分词要双写t加ed，现在分词也要双写t加ing. a．作不及物动词，意为“适宜〞“合身〞。如： Your clothes 6t well．你的衣服很合身。 The door fits badly．这个门装得不适宜。 They don’t 6t together．它们配不起来。 b．作及物动词，意为“适合〞“装上〞。如： The coat doesn’t fit me．这件大衣我穿不合身。 The suit fitted her nicely.这身衣服以前很合她的身。 The key doesn’t fit the lock．这钥匙不配这把锁。 They fitted the doors with a lock．他们在门上装上了锁。 2. he often knocks over our books and pens. 常常把我们的书和钢笔撞落下去 knock over意为“撞翻〞“碰翻〞，over用作副词。如： Who knocked that bottle over 谁把瓶子撞翻了 He knocked over a cup of tea．他碰翻一杯茶. Who knocked it over 谁把它撞倒了 [注]knock over常指“使……往前倒〞或“绊倒〞之意。Knock down可指“打倒〞“撞倒〞“击落〞“撤除〞等。如： I almost knocked him down． 我差一点把他撞倒。 They knocked down an enemy plane． 他们击落一架敌机。 These old buildings will sooner u later be knocked down． 这些旧房子迟早得拆掉。 Knock (up) against 碰撞 同…冲突 3. I thought of my great friend May when I read your advertisement. 读了你们的广告后我想到了我的好朋友——梅。 think of a．think of意为“想到〞。如： We often think of you．我们常常想到你。 This made us think of our days at school．这使我们想起求学的日子o He thinks of others more than himself．他想到别人多于自己。 We have to think of away to help him． 我们得想个方法帮助他。 b．与what连用，意为“对……的看法如何〞。如： What do you think of the film 你觉得这电影怎么样 What did you think of his talk yesterday 你觉得他昨天的报告怎么样 4. When something worries me, I can always go to her. 当有什么事令我担忧时，我总是能向她求助。 go to her 向她求助 5. say a bad word about sb．意为“讲某人的坏话〞=speak ill of sb．如： He is an man who never says a bad word about anyone． 他是一个从不说任何人坏话的人。 It is impolite to say a bad word about someone behind him． 在别人背后讲别人的坏话是不礼貌的。 [注]say a good word about sb．意为“讲某人的好话〞；=speak well of sb 如： He often says a good word about you before me． 他经常在我面前讲你的好话。 [注] 此短语中word一般不用复数。 6. Help him fill in the blanks．．．此句中的fill in意为“填写〞“填上〞。如： Fill in your name, please．请填上你的名字。 Please fill in this form．请你把这份表填一下。 Let’fill in the hole in the wall．咱们把墙上这个洞堵上。 [注]fill in．．．with．．．用“……填……〞。如： Fill in the blanks with suitable words．用适当的词填空。 7. Mr Zhou dropped．．． got mixed up． 此句中的get mixed叩属系动词加表语结构。其中get可换be或become，意为“弄糊涂了〞“搞乱〞“卷入〞 “和……搅在一起〞。如： I’m a11 mixed up．我完全给弄糊涂了。 His ideas are all mixed up．你的想法全乱了。 I’m getting mixed up in my old age．我有点儿老糊涂了。 How did you become mixed up in such affairs． 你怎么会卷入，这种事情中去的呢 They advised me not to get mixed up with such people． 他们建议我不要和这种人搞在一起。 8. What are they saying say作及物动词。试比较：say，tell，talk，speak。 a．tell及物动词，通常用tell sb．sth．(双宾语)，除开一些名词(a lie，story，the truth)之外. He told me the good news．他告诉我那个好消息。 They told us useful information．他们告诉我们有用的信息。 b．say作及物动词。通常接一个宾语。 Please say it in English．请用英语说。 He didn’t say who told it to him． 他没说谁告诉他此事的。 c．talk不及物动词，后接about，意为“谈论有关……〞。to／with sb．意为“与某人交谈〞。如： He talked with me about his studies． 他和我谈了他的学习情况。 What are you talking about 你们在谈什么 d．speak通常作不可数名词(当表示讲语言时可作及物动词，后接语言作speak的宾语。) He was too excited to speak.他冲动得说不出话来。 Whom are you speaking to 你在和谁说话 Can you speak English7你会讲英语鸭(及物动词) [注]speak to sb．=talk to sb , speak about=talk about。 9. Vote for the best friend． 其中vote for意为“投……票〞“投票赞成〞。反义词为vote against。如： I’1l vote for／against you．我投票选你／不选你。 We vote for /against your plan .我们投票赞成/反对你的方案。 I have reached the age to vote .我已到了法定选举年龄。 10. Can l have something to drink something，anything，nothing，everything是不定代词 a．作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如： Something has gone wrong with my watch． 我的表坏了。 ·Nothing was left after the fire． 火灾之后什么也没留下。 Everything is ready· 一切准备就绪。 b．something用于肯定句，用于表示“请求〞“邀请〞或“建议〞的问句。 如： He has something to tell you． 他有事想告诉你。 Can you give me something to eat．9 给点东西我吃，好吗 Why not have something to drink 为什么不喝点什么 c．anything用于否认勺或问句或whether，if引导的从句中。如： I didn’t have anything to eat yesterday． 昨天我没吃任何东西。 Do you have anything to tell me 你有事要告诉我吗 We can’t do anything about让．对此事我们无能为力。 He asked if there was anything wrong with the radio．他问收音机有没有出毛病。 [注] not．．．anything：nothing almost nothing：hardly anything We didn’t have anything to eat．=We had nothing to eat我们没有吃的东西了。 He ate almost nothing. =He hardly ate anything. 他几乎什么也没吃。 d．anything作主语时谓语一般用肯定式。如： I am very hungry．Anything will do． 我很饿，任何充饥都可以。 everything与否认词连用时，意为“并非一切都……〞，表示局部否认。如： Everything that glitters is not gold．发光的并非都是金子。 11.What about some milk(=Would you like some milk) 表示邀请、建议或询问对方的意见。其中What可用How代替。如： What about something to drink 喝点东西怎么样 What about going shopping 去购物怎样 What about the pizza in your bowl Maybe we can share讧． 你碗里的比萨饼怎么样也许我们可以分享。 How about a party for your birthday 给你的生日办个宴会怎样 [注]about是介词后接名词、代词的宾格，动词的ing形式或代词的宾格加ing形式。如： What about us going to see a film 我们去看电影好吗 12.Can l