2023年法律翻译常见问题术语错误.docx

法律翻译常见咨询题：术语错误 1. 对当事人双方的诉讼标的，第三人认为有独立恳求权的，有权提起诉讼。A third party who deems himself entitled to an independent request with regard to the subject matter of both parties has the right to bring a prosecution. 修正要点：request rarr; claim; bring a prosecution (刑事诉讼；控诉方，公诉方)rarr; initiate an action。 2. 人民法院有权要求当事人提供或补充证据。The Peoplersquo;s Court shall have the right to request the parties to provide or supplement evidence. 修正要点：shall haverarr; has；rightrarr; authority (authority, 凭职位而享有的、可对别人行使的权力“；right，个人的权利“；power, 个人享有的、法律给予的某种权力“); request rarr;require。 其他术语正误对照： 术 语 正确译文 错误译文 评 注 犯罪行为 criminal act criminal action criminal action刑事诉讼 民法通那么 General Civil Law general principles of the civil law 民法通那么实属民法范畴，并非仅为民法的原那么，也有详细实体权利等的规定 民事权利 rights in civil matters; civil-law rights civil rights civil rights民权“ 民事行为 civil act civil conduct civil conduct可表文明行为“ 法律规定的 provided by law stipulated by law stipulated用于合同的规定“ 返还财产 restitution restitution of property restitution本身意为返还财产“ 追查刑事责任 be prosecuted criminally criminal responsibility be investigated investigate难尽追查“之含义 民事法律行为 juristic act civil juristic act juristic act本身为民法概念 过错方 the party at fault the erring party erring出过失，不同于有过错“ 知识产权 intellectual property intellectual property rights rights多余 法制国家 state under the rule of law legal state legal state易生歧义 法制教育 education in legality (legality, 法律性，合法性咨询题) education of the legal system; legal education 法制教育并非法律制度教育“，也非法学教育“(legal education) 施行细那么 rules for implementation implementation rules implementation rules说法不够地道 无因治理 management without mandate management without reasons mandate n. 指令，受权 劳资纠纷 industrial dispute; labor-management dispute labor dispute labor可表劳工，劳方“，labor dispute暗含劳方挑起纠纷“，有歧视劳方之嫌 临终遗言 deathbed will/testament (deathbed a.临终所作的n.临终床，临终时间；on onersquo;s deathbed临终时) last will last will意为最终的遗言“ 亲生子女 biological/birth/natural/real child; child by blood onersquo;s own child onersquo;s own child未必亲生“ 诉讼费用 costs expense in litigation costs为通用的法律术语 外资企业 foreign-funded/capital enterprise foreign enterprise 外国企业“异于外资企业“ 养子女